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ASTM E1419-02b

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission

Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes) of the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.
1.2 This test method requires pressurization to a level greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
1.3 This test method does not apply to vessels in cryogenic service.
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this test method. See Note 1.
Note 1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic inspection is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce AE.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2002
ICS
23.020.30 - Pressure vessels, gas cylinders
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1419-02a - Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Replaced By
ASTM E1419-09 - Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009
Referred By
ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2223-13(2022) - Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2374-16(2021) - Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002

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ASTM E1419-02b - Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic EmissionASTM E1419-02b - Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
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ASTM E1419-02b - Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1419 – 02b
Standard Test Method for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels
1
Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E976 GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcous-
2
tic Emission Sensor Response
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for acoustic emis-
2
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
sion(AE)examinationsofseamlesspressurevessels(tubes)of
E2223 Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-filled,
the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.
2
Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
1.2 This test method requires pressurization to a level
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Nondestructive
liquid.
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
1.3 This test method does not apply to vessels in cryogenic
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-
service.
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods
Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Mate-
must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources.
rials Regulations of the Department of Transportation,
Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of
4
Paragraphs 173.34, 173.301, 178.36, 178.37, and 178.45
this test method. See Note 1.
2.5 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
NOTE 1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly
Pamphlet C-5 Service Life, Seamless High Pressure Cylin-
used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that
5
ders
produce AE.
2.4 AIA Document:
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
6
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Testing Personnel
information only.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E1316 for general ter-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
minology applicable to this test method.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.2.1 fracture critical flaw—a flaw that is large enough to
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
exhibit unstable growth at service conditions.
3.2.2 marked service pressure—pressure for which a vessel
2. Referenced Documents
is rated. Normally this value is stamped on the vessel.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 normal fill pressure—level to which a vessel is pres-
E543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
surized. This may be greater, or may be less, than marked
2
Testing
service pressure.
E650 Guide for Mounting PiezoelectricAcoustic Emission
2
Sensors
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate
Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Office, Washington, DC 20402.
5
Acoustic Emission Method. Available from Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 1235 Jefferson Davis
Current edition approved December 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Origi- Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
6
nally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1419–02a. Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 1419 – 02b
4. Summary of Test Method 5.3.5 Maximum Test Pressure—Serious flaws usually pro-
duce more acoustic emission (that is, more events, events with
4.1 The AE sensors are mounted on a vessel, and emission
higherpeakamplitude)fromsecondarysourcesthanfromflaw
is monitored while the vessel is pressurized above normal fill
growth. When vessels are pressurized, flaws produce emission
pressure.
at pressures less than normal fill pressure.Amaximum exami-
4.2 Sensors are mounted at each end of the vessel and are
nation pressure that is 1
...

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5.1 The equipment, test duration, and technique should be determined before commencement of the test based on the required test sensitivity or accuracy (see Annex A1 and Annex A2). If the test is used to certify that the vessel has a minimum specified leakage rate, then the test equipment and test duration should be chosen to have a resolution ten times less than the specification and an accuracy which is four times less than the specification. The test should be designed so that the total pressure change is less than 10 % of the starting pressure. Leak test specifications should specify the vessel test pressure or differential pressure. If the test specification does not specify a test pressure, then a safe test pressure should be used that complies with the applicable safety standards8.
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4.2 The COPVs covered in this guide consist of a metallic liner overwrapped with high-strength fibers embedded in polymeric matrix resin (typically a thermoset). Metallic liners may be spun formed from a deep drawn/extruded monolithic blank or may be fabricated by welding formed components. Designers often seek to minimize the liner thickness in the interest of weight reduction. COPV liner materials used can be aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and stainless steels, impermeable polymer liner such as high density polyethylene, or integrated composite materials. Fiber materials can be carbon, aramid, glass, PBO, metals, or hybrids (two or more types of fiber). Matrix resins include epoxies, cyanate esters, polyurethanes, phenolic resins, polyimides (including bismaleimides), polyamides and other high performance polymers. Common bond line adhesives are generally epoxies (FM-73, West 105, and Epon 86...
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1.1 This guide discusses current and potential nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures for finding indications of discontinuities in thin-walled metallic liners in filament-wound pressure vessels, also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). In general, these vessels have metallic liner thicknesses less than 2.3 mm (0.090 in.), and fiber loadings in the composite overwrap greater than 60 percent by weight. In COPVs, the composite overwrap thickness will be of the order of 2.0 mm (0.080 in.) for smaller vessels, and up to 20 mm (0.80 in.) for larger ones.  
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Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Composite Overwraps in Filament Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications

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5.1 Because of safety considerations, regulatory agencies (for example, U.S. Department of Transportation) require periodic examinations of vessels used in transportation of industrial gases (see Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations). The AE examination has become accepted as an alternative to the common hydrostatic proof test. In the common hydrostatic test, volumetric expansion of vessels is measured.  
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Note 1: Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce AE. Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD), ultrasonic examination is also commonly used for flaw sizing.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Because of safety considerations, regulatory agencies (for example, U.S. Department of Transportation) require periodic tests of pressurized vessels used in commercial aviation. (see Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations). AE testing has become accepted as an alternative to the common hydrostatic proof test.  
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Note 1: The Kaiser effect relates to the irreversibility of acoustic emission which results in decreased emission during a second pressurization. Common hydrostatic tests use a relatively high test pressure (200 % of normal service pressure). (See Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations.) If an AE test is performed too soon after such a hydrostatic pressurization, the AE results will be insensitive below the previous maximum test pressure.  
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1.1 This practice is commonly used for periodic inspection and testing of welded steel gaseous spheres (bottles) is the acoustic emission (AE) method. AE is used in place of hydrostatic volumetric expansion testing. The periodic inspection and testing of bottles by AE testing is achieved without depressurization or contamination as is required for hydrostatic volumetric expansion testing.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides requirements for the handling, transportation, and storage of IG-100 encountered in distribution through both commercial and military channels. It is intended to ensure that IG-100 is handled, transported, and stored in such a way that its physical property virtues are not degraded. Transport may be by various means, such as, but not limited to, highway, rail and water.
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ASTM
ASTM E2982-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Thin-Walled Metallic Liners in Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The goal of the NDT is to detect defects that have been implicated in the failure of the COPV metal liner, or have led to leakage, loss of contents, injury, death, or mission, or a combination thereof. Liner defects detected by NDT that require special attention by the cognizant engineering organization include through cracks, part-through cracks, liner buckling, pitting, thinning, and corrosion under the influence of cyclic loading, sustained loading, temperature cycling, mechanical impact and other intended or unintended service conditions.
Note 3: Liners made from stainless steel and nickel-based alloys exhibit a higher damage resistance to impact than those made from aluminum.
Note 4: Safe life is the goal for any COPV so that a through crack in the liner will not develop during the service life.
Note 5: The use a material with good fatigue and slow crack growth characteristics is important. For example, nickel-based alloys are better than precipitation-hardened stainless steel. Aluminum also has good ductility and crack resistance.  
4.2 The COPVs covered in this guide consist of a metallic liner overwrapped with high-strength fibers embedded in polymeric matrix resin (typically a thermoset). Metallic liners may be spun formed from a deep drawn/extruded monolithic blank or may be fabricated by welding formed components. Designers often seek to minimize the liner thickness in the interest of weight reduction. COPV liner materials used can be aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and stainless steels, impermeable polymer liner such as high density polyethylene, or integrated composite materials. Fiber materials can be carbon, aramid, glass, PBO, metals, or hybrids (two or more types of fiber). Matrix resins include epoxies, cyanate esters, polyurethanes, phenolic resins, polyimides (including bismaleimides), polyamides and other high performance polymers. Common bond line adhesives are generally epoxies (FM-73, West 105, and Epon 86...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide discusses current and potential nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures for finding indications of discontinuities in thin-walled metallic liners in filament-wound pressure vessels, also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). In general, these vessels have metallic liner thicknesses less than 2.3 mm (0.090 in.), and fiber loadings in the composite overwrap greater than 60 percent by weight. In COPVs, the composite overwrap thickness will be of the order of 2.0 mm (0.080 in.) for smaller vessels, and up to 20 mm (0.80 in.) for larger ones.  
1.2 This guide focuses on COPVs with nonload sharing metallic liners used at ambient temperature, which most closely represents a Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Type III metal-lined COPV. However, it also has relevance to (1) monolithic metallic pressure vessels (PVs) (CGA Type I), and (2) metal-lined hoop-wrapped COPVs (CGA Type II).  
1.3 The vessels covered by this guide are used in aerospace applications; therefore, examination requirements for discontinuities and inspection points will in general be different and more stringent than for vessels used in non-aerospace applications.  
1.4 This guide applies to (1) low pressure COPVs and PVs used for storing aerospace media at maximum allowable working pressures (MAWPs) up to 3.5 MPa (500 psia) and volumes up to 2000 L (70 ft3), and (2) high pressure COPVs used for storing compressed gases at MAWPs up to 70 MPa (10 000 psia) and volumes down to 8 L (500 in.3). Internal vacuum storage or exposure is not considered appropriate for any vessel size.
Note 1: Some vessels are evacuated during filling operations, requiring the tank to withstand external (atmospheric) pressure.  
1.5 The metallic liners under consideration include, but are not limited to, ones made from aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and stainless steels. In the case of COPVs, the composites through which the N...

  • Guide
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off