ASTM D6255/D6255M-99

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Designation: D 6255/D 6255M – 99
Standard Specification for
Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6255/D 6255M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope nized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
A 924/A 924M Specification for General Requirements for
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of
Steel Sheet, Mettalic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as
B 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy
containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight
Sheet and Plate
airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceed-
B 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc
ing 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface
on Iron and Steel
shipments.
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its
ments
fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes,
D 1990 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This
Visually-Graded Dimension, Lumber from In-Grade Test
specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate
of Full-Size Specimens
performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
storage conditions.
D 3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.12), the resulting pack-
tainers and Systems
aging systems shall be of equal or better performance than
D 4727/D 4727M Specification for Corrugated and Solid
would result from the use of these specified materials and
Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut
procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in
Shapes
Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative proce-
D 6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-
dures and criteria.
ers and Pallets
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
F 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners, Nails, Spikes,
be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, the SI units
and Staples
are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
2.2 Federal Specifications:
may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/
TT-W-572 Wood Preservative: Water-Repellent
ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
2.3 APA—The Engineered Wood Association
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
PS1-95 Construction and Industrial Plywood
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.4 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appro-
Standards:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
A 109/A 109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
Cold-Rolled
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
A 123/A 123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galva-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
1 10
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on Available from the Federal Supply Service Bureau, Specification Section,
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.26 on Wooden Suite 8100, 480 L’Enfant Plaza, SW, Washington, DC 20408.
Crates, Pallets and Skids. Available fromAPA–The Engineered WoodAssociation, 7011 South 19th St.,
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally P.O. Box 11700, Tacoma, WA 98411–0700.
published as D 6255/D 6255M – 98. Last previous edition D 6255/D 6255M – 98. Available from theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. St., New York, NY 10017; American National Standard (ANSI) adopted.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6255/D 6255M
B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series) 5.1.12 Whether other construction methods or techniques
B18.2.3.5M Metric Hex Bolts are acceptable and permitted (see 1.3).
B18.2.4.1M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 1
5.1.12.1 Whether proof that other construction methods or
B18.2.4.2M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 2 techniques are acceptable (see 1.3) is required.
B18.5 Round Head Bolts (Inch Series)
B18.5.2.2M Metric Round Head Square Neck Bolts
6. Materials and Manufacture
2.5 Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association:
6.1 Materials—It is encouraged that recycled material be
HPVA HP-1-1994 Hardwood and Decorative Plywood
used when practical. All recovered, recycled, or virgin mate-
2.6 National Motor Freight Traffıc Association:
rials used in crate manufacture shall meet the requirements of
National Motor Freight Classification
this specification and referenced documents. In addition, ma-
2.7 Uniform Classification Committee Standard:
terials shall not affect or be affected by the product being
Uniform Freight Classification
packed. Fiberboard panelboard shall have no more than 40 %
2.8 American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Standard:
post consumer recovered material.
Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual
6.1.1 Slotted Metal Angle—Slotted metal angle shall con-
form to the Supplemental Requirements of this specification.
3. Terminology
6.1.1.1 Slotted Angle Surface Finish—Steel for Class 1
3.1 Definitions— General definitions for packaging and
crates shall have a Class 3 surface finish (S4.7.1.3) applied.
distribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.
Steel for Class 2 crates shall have a Class 1 or 2 surface finish
(S4.7.1.1 or S4.7.1.2) applied. Aluminum slotted angle shall
4. Classification
require no additional finish.
4.1 Type: 6.1.2 Nuts and Bolts— Nuts and bolts used to assemble the
4.1.1 Type I—Open. slotted angle shall be of hardened steel and zinc plated after
4.1.2 Type II—Fully-enclosed or sheathed with solid mate- machining. All other bolts and nuts shall be zinc-coated and
rial. conform to ASME B18.5 (B18.5.2.2M) or B18.2.1
4.2 Class:
(B18.2.3.5M), for bolts; and, B18.2.2 (B18.2.4.1M), for nuts.
4.2.1 Class 1—Outside or indeterminate storage.
6.1.2.1 The slotted angle bolts shall be minimum ⁄16-in.
4.2.2 Class 2—Inside or protected storage.
[8-mm] shank diameter, ⁄8-in. [16-mm] length for Types I, II,
3 9
4.3 Style:
and IV, and ⁄4-in. for Type III and ⁄16-in. [14-mm] hexagon
4.3.1 Style A—Without skids or rubbing strips.
head. Bolts shall have an unthreaded load bearing shoulder to
4.3.2 Style B—With skid blocks or skids with rubbing strips
prevent shearing action on the threads. Bolts shall conform to
and provisions for forklift truck handling.
ASME B18.2.1 (B18.2.3.5M).
6.1.2.2 The slotted angle nuts shall be prevailing torque,
5. Ordering Information
hexagon, self-locking, to prevent loosening after extended
storage/handling and vibration during shipment. The ⁄16-in.
5.1 Purchasers should select the preferred permitted options
[8-mm] nuts shall be 0.551 to 0.564-in. [13.99 to 14.33-mm]
and include the following information in procurement docu-
across the flats (width). Other size nuts shall be ⁄16in. [14 mm]
ments:
across the hexagon flats. Nuts shall conform toASME B18.2.2
5.1.1 Specification title, number, and date.
(B18.2.4.2M).
5.1.2 Crate type, class, and style (see Section 4).
6.1.3 Strapping—Steel strapping used for banding or ten-
5.1.3 Box inside dimensions specified in order of length by
sion braces shall conform to Practice D 3953, Type I, zinc-
width by depth.
coated.
5.1.4 Whether sanded plywood is required (see 6.1.5).
6.1.4 Wood Members—Woodusedforskids,rubbingstrips,
5.1.5 Type sheathing required (see 7.6.1).
5.1.6 Whether full-length skids are required (see 7.7.3.2). load-bearing members, blocking and bracing, and all other
5.1.7 Special features (see 7.9). wooden components shall conform to the applicable Practice
5.1.8 Marking panel size (see 7.10.1). D 6199, Group II, III or IV woods structural class and shall
5.1.9 Whether crates are to be shipped assembled or disas- conform to commercial standards in accordance with Practice
sembled (see 8.1). D 1990.
5.1.10 Bolt and nut quantities required (see 6.1.2).
6.1.5 Plywood—Plywood for Class 1 crates shall conform
5.1.11 If self-locking nuts are required (see 6.1.2). to ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994, Type I, Grade 3-4; APA PS1-95,
Interior with Exterior Glue; or, APA PS1-95, Exterior, Grade
C-C. Plywood for Class 2 crates shall conform toANSI/HPVA
HP-1-1994, Type II, Grade 3-4; or, APA PS1-95, Interior,
Available from Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association, P.O. Box 2789,
Grade C-D. Plywood shall have no defects (knot holes, worm
Reston, VA 22090–0789; American National Standards Institute (ANSI) adopted.
holes, etc.) extending through the panel. Unless otherwise
Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, American Truck-
ing Associations, 2200 Mill Road, Alexandria, VA 22314.
specified, plywood shall be finished unsanded (see 5.1.4).
Available from the Uniform Classification Committee, Tariff Publishing
6.1.6 Wood Preservative—Wood or plywood components
Officer, 151 Ellis St., N.E., Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30335.
shall be treated in accordance withTT-W-572, or a commercial
Available from the American Iron and Steel Institute, ATTN: Publication
Orders, P.O. Box 4327, Chestertown, MD 21690. equivalent.
D 6255/D 6255M
A
TABLE 1 Slotted Angle Steel Beam Load Capacity
6.1.7 Fiberboard—Fiberboard used for sheathing shall con-
Slotted Angle Steel
form to Specification D 4727/D 4727M, Type SF,
12-Gage, 0.105-in. [2.7-mm]
Class–Weather-Resistant, Grades V2s, V3s, or V4s.
1 ⁄2 by 3-in.
6.1.8 Sheet Steel— Steel used for marking panels shall
[38 by 76-mm]
conform to Specification A 109/A 109M.
Beam Length ft [mm]
6.1.9 Nails—Nails used to secure top sheathing shall be
cement-coated or chemically-etched common or box nails
[600] [900] [1200] [1500] [1800]
conforming to Specification F 1667.
Recommended Load 1450 980 740 500 350
lb [kg] [658] [445] [336] [227] [159]
7. Construction
7.1 Slotted Angle Member Selection—Slotted angle selec-
Recommended Load 4500 3100 2100 1200 1000
lb [kg] [2041] [1406] [953] [544] [454]
tion shall be based on crate size and load weight. Tables 1-3
shall be used as a guide for slotted angle selection.
Recommended Load 10400 7500 5300 4350 3500
7.2 Member Splicing— Steel or aluminum components lb [kg] [4717] [3402] [2404] [1973] [1588]
shall be continuous lengths. When splicing is necessary, four
Recommended Load 1550 1000 760 580 490
bolts (minimum) shall be used to secure a lap splice and eight
lb [kg] [703] [454] [345] [263] [222]
bolts (minimum) shall be used to secure a butt splice, as shown
Slotted Angle Steel
in Fig. 1.
14-Gage, 0.075-in. [1.9-mm]
7.3 Cutting Slotted Angle:
1 1
1 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄4-in.
[38 by 57-mm]
7.3.1 All Members— Members shall be cut at 3-in. [76-mm]
increments to utilize the slot and hole pattern properly. After
Beam Length ft [mm]
cutting, members shall be trimmed to the required length.
7.3.2 Diagonal Members— When cutting of diagonals is [600] [900] [1200] [1500] [1800]
required, the wide flange of the angle can be cut on a miter to
Recommended Load 1260 850 610 400 200
provide maximum contact area and positive bolting locations.
lb [kg] [572] [386] [277] [181] [91]
7.4 Construction— One slotted metal angle crate shall have
Recommended Load 2400 1700 1150 820 625
six faces (two sides, two ends, one top, and one base). Each
lb [kg] [1089] [771] [522] [372] [284]
face shall be rectangular in shape and consist of one or more
Recommended Load 5190 3350 2700 2100 1700
panels. A panel is an area bounded by slotted metal angle
lb [kg] [2354] [1520] [1225] [953] [771]
members. Normally, the sides are constructed and the ends,
top, and base are used to hold the sides together.
Recommended Load 800 510 390 300 250
lb [kg] [363] [231] [177] [136] [113]
7.4.1 Assembly—Slotted metal angle shall be assembled
with bolts of the same diameter for which the slotted metal
Slotted Angle Steel
angle was intended or designed. Bolts and nuts shall be drawn
14-Gage, 0.075-in. [1.9-mm]
1 1
1 ⁄2 by 1 ⁄2-in.
tight to secure against loosening. Bolts and nuts shall be as
[38 by 38-mm]
specified in 6.1.2.
Beam Length ft [mm]
7.4.2 Braces—All panels shall have either diagonal braces
or steel strapping braces for support. 3456
[900] [1200] [1500] [1800]
7.4.2.1 Diagonal Braces— Diagonal brace placement is
shown in Fig. 2. All diagonal braces shall be installed to
Recommended Load 495 270 190 145
lb [kg] [225] [123] [86] [66]
maximize utilization of the round holes in the metal angle.
7.4.2.2 Full Diagonal Braces—Full diagonal braces shall
Recommended Load 590 395 295 190
extend from one corner diagonally across to the other corner of
lb [kg] [268] [179] [134] [86]
the panel being braced.The braces shall be installed as close as
Recommended Load 1335 1035 690 540
possibletotheangleapexandshallbesecuredateachendwith
lb [kg] [606] [470] [313] [245]
one bolt (minimum).
A
Table1isusableforslottedanglesteelwithflangedimensionsthatare 6 ⁄8in.
7.4.2.3 Short or Corner Braces—Short or corner braces
[63 mm] the flange sizes stated.
shall be placed in each panel corner being braced and secured
at each end with one bolt (minimum). The braces shall be
installed at a 45° angle or as close to that angle as possible. in the center of the strap and shall not be closer than half the
7.4.2.4 Steel Strapping Braces—Flat steel strapping placed strap width to the end.
intensioninfullcrossor“X”braces(Fig.3)maybeusedwhen 7.4.3 Structural Joints—Horizontal, vertical, and lateral
vertical frame or other crate members interfere with diagonal members ends shall be bolted together to form the corner joints
brace placement, or when it is determined that this type of as shown in F
...