ASTM C497-20e1

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C497 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections,
or Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C497; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Text change in 19.7.4 was editorially made in October 2020.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover testing of concrete pipe,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
concrete box sections, manhole sections, and tile. The test
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
methods described are used in production testing and accep-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tance testing to evaluate the properties provided for in the
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
specifications.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Section
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
External Load Crushing Strength 4
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Flat Slab Top 5
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Base Section Test Method 6
Core Strength 7
Absorption 8
2. Referenced Documents
Hydrostatic 9
Permeability 10 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Manhole Step 11
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Cylinder Strength 12
of Steel Products
Gasket Lubricant 13
Joint Shear 14 C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Alkalinity 15
Specimens in the Field
Gasket Measurements 16
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
Off-Center Hydrostatic Joint Test 17
Hydrostatic External Joint Test Method 18 drical Concrete Specimens
Welded Splice Pull Test 19
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
1.3 The test specimens shall not have been exposed to a
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
temperature below 40°F for the 24 h immediately preceding
C76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
the test.
Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C617/C617M Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete
1.4 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons
Specimens
such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
preparation, it shall be discarded and another specimen taken.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
1.5 Specimens shall be selected in accordance with the
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
specifications for the type of pipe or tile being tested.
Products
1.6 AcompletemetriccompaniontoTestMethodsC497has C1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in
been developed—C497M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cy-
presented in these methods. lindrical Concrete Specimens
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
ness
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
ConcretePipeandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC13.09onMethods
of Test. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C497 – 19a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0497-20E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C497 − 20
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines ⁄32 in.⁄ft of length. When a hard rubber strip is used on the
bearing face it shall have a durometer hardness of not less than
3. Terminology
45 nor more than 60, and shall have a width of not less than 2
in. and a thickness of not less than 1 in. nor more than 1 ⁄2 in.
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
and shall be secured to a wood beam meeting the above
pipe, see Terminology C822.
requirements.
4. External Load Crushing Strength Test by the Three-
4.3.7 If mutually agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
Edge Bearing Test Method
owner prior to the test, before the specimen is placed, a fillet of
plaster of paris not exceeding 1 in. in thickness shall be cast on
4.1 Summary of Test Method—The test specimen is tested in
the surface of the upper and lower bearings. The width of the
a machine designed to apply a crushing force upon the
fillet cap, upper or lower, shall be not more than 1 in./ft of the
specimen in a plane through the vertical axis extending along
specimen diameter, but in no case less than 1 in.
the length of the specimen.
4.3.8 The equipment shall be so designed that the load will
4.2 Significance and Use—The crushing test shall be either
be distributed about the center of the overall length (L)ofthe
a quality control test performed to establish that the finished,
specimen (Figs. 1-4). At the option of the manufacturer, the
shippable pipe has sufficient strength to withstand the crushing
center of the load shall be applied at any point of the overall
loads stated in the specifications or a proof of design test
length (L ) of the specimen. The load shall be applied either at
performed to prove the adequacy of design.
a single point or at multiple points dependent on the length of
4.3 Apparatus:
the specimen being tested and the rigidity of the test frame.
4.3.1 The testing machine shall be of any type of sufficient
NOTE 1—The user of these test methods is advised that multiple points
capacity and shall be capable of providing the rate of loading
of load appllications to the upper bearing will permit use of lighter beams
prescribed in 4.5.3.
without excessive deflection.
4.3.2 The testing machine shall be substantial and rigid
4.4 Calibration—The loading device shall be one which
throughout, so that the distribution of the load will not be
shall provide an accuracy of 62 % at the specified test loads.
affectedappreciablybythedeformationoryieldingofanypart.
A calibration curve shall be used. The machines used for
4.3.3 The three-edge-bearing method of loading shall be
performing the three-edge-bearing tests shall be verified in
used. The test specimen shall be supported on a lower bearing
accordance with Practices E4.
of two parallel longitudinal strips and the load applied through
4.5 Procedure:
an upper bearing (Figs. 1-4).At the option of the manufacturer,
either or both the lower bearing and the upper bearing shall 4.5.1 Place the specimen on the two lower bearing strips in
suchamannerthatthepipeortilerestsfirmlyandwithuniform
extend the full length or any portion of the length of the
specimen. Fig. 5 bearing on each strip.
4.5.2 Mark the two ends of the specimen at a point midway
4.3.4 The lower bearings shall consist of wood or hard
rubber strips. Wooden strips shall be straight, have a cross between the lower bearing strips and then establish the
diametrically opposite point on each end. Place the upper
section of not less than 2 in. in width and not less than 1 in. nor
morethan1 ⁄2in.inheightandshallhavethetopinsidecorners bearing so that it is aligned with these marks.
4.5.3 For reinforced concrete pipe, any rate of load appli-
rounded to a radius of ⁄2 in. Hard rubber strips shall have a
durometer hardness of not less than 45 nor more than 60. They cation up to a maximum of 7500 lbf/linear foot of pipe per
minute shall be used up to 75 % of the specified design
shall be rectangular in cross section, having a width of not less
than 2 in., a thickness of not less than 1 in. nor more than 1 ⁄2 strength, at which time the rate of loading shall be reduced to
a maximum uniform rate of ⁄3 of the specified design strength
in., and shall have the top inside corner rounded to a radius of
⁄2 in. of the pipe per minute. This rate of loading shall be continuous
4.3.5 The lower bearing strips shall be fastened to a wooden until the specified acceptance design strength is reached. If
or steel beam or directly to a concrete base, any of which shall both the design strength and the ultimate strength are being
provide sufficient rigidity so that deflection is not greater than determined, a specified rate of loading need not be maintained
⁄720ofthespecimenlengthwhenthemaximumloadisapplied. after the acceptance design strength has been reached. For
The rigid base shall be at least 6 in. wide. The interior vertical non-reinforced concrete pipe, any rate of load application up to
sides of the strips shall be parallel and spaced a distance apart a maximum of 7500 lbf/linear foot of pipe per minute shall be
of not more than 1 in./ft of specimen diameter, but in no case used up to 75 % of the specified ultimate strength, at which
less than 1 in. The bearing faces of the lower strips shall not time the rate of loading shall be reduced to the maximum
varyfromastraightlineverticallyorhorizontallybymorethan uniform rate of 3000 lbf/linear foot of pipe per minute. At the
⁄32 in./ft of length under no load. manufacturer’s option, the rates of loading in this paragraph
4.3.6 The upper bearing shall be a rigid wood beam with or shall be any rates that do not exceed the specified maximums.
withoutanattachedhardrubberstrip.Thewoodshallbesound, 4.5.4 As defined in Terminology C822, the design strength
free of knots, and straight and true from end to end. It shall be is the maximum load, expressed as a D-load, supported by the
fastened to a steel or wood-faced steel beam of such dimen- pipe before a crack having a width of 0.01 in. occurs
sions that deflections under maximum load will not be greater throughout a continuous length of 1 ft or more measured
than ⁄720 of the specimen length. The bearing face of the upper paralleltothelongitudinalaxisofpipebarrel.Thecrackis0.01
bearing shall not deviate from a straight line by more than in. in width when the point of the measuring gauge will,
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C497 − 20
NOTE 1—The figures illustrate a method of applying the load to the pipe.
FIG. 1 Three-Edge-Bearing Test, Circular Pipe
without forcing, penetrate ⁄16 in. at 3 in. maximum intervals, 4.5.5 As defined inTerminologyC822, the ultimate strength
throughout the specified distance of 1 ft. Measure the width of is the maximum load supported by the pipe.
the crack by means of a gauge made from a leaf 0.01 in. in
NOTE 3—Ultimate strength of concrete pipe in the buried condition is
thickness (as in a set of standard machinist gauges), ground to
dependent on varying soil bedding factors and varying failure modes and
apointof ⁄16in.inwidthwithcornersroundedandwithataper
shall have no relationship to the ultimate strength as defined under
of ⁄4 in.⁄in. as shown in Fig. 6.
three-edge bearing conditions.
NOTE 2—As used in this specification, the 0.01-in. crack is a test
4.6 Conditioning—The moisture requirements of 1.3 are not
criterion for pipe under load in three-edge bearing test and is not intended
required, at the option of the manufacturer.
as an indication of overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions.
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C497 − 20
NOTE 1—The figure illustrates a method of applying the load to the pipe.
FIG. 2 Three-Edge-Bearing Test, Arch Pipe
NOTE 1—The figure illustrates a method of applying the load to the pipe.
FIG. 3 Three-Edge-Bearing Test, Horizontal Elliptical Pipe
4.7 Calculations: 0.01-in. crack D-load shall be calculated by dividing the test
4.7.1 Strength test results shall be calculated in terms of load required to produce the 0.01-in. crack by the manufac-
pounds per linear foot. The length used in calculating the tured length (L) and by the pipe inside diameter or horizontal
strength values shall be that indicated by the manufactured span. The ultimate D-load strength shall be calculated by
length (L)in Figs. 1-4. For pipe with a bell, the manufactured dividing the ultimate test load applied to the pipe by the
length (L) is the length from the spigot/tongue end face to the manufactured length, (L), and by the pipe inside diameter or
bell/groove inside shoulder. For straight wall pipe, no bell, the horizontal span.
manufactured length (L) is the same as for pipe with a bell or
4.8 Precision and Bias—The user of these test methods is
the alternate of the length from the spigot/tongue outside
advised that the true value for the strength of a concrete pipe
shoulder to the socket/groove end face. For plain end or cut
cannot be determined because the specimen is tested to
pipe, no bell or spigot, the manufactured length (L) is the same
destruction and exact duplicate specimen cannot be obtained.
as the overall length (L ). For pipe having a spigot on one end
Therefore, no calculations of precision and bias are presently
with the opposite end being plain, the manufactured length (L)
capableofbeingperformed.Specificationsthatincludethistest
shall be the distance from the plain end to the center of the
method for the various types of concrete pipe should include a
joint. For pipe having a bell on one end with the opposite end
provision for additional tests of one or more specimens.
being plain, the manufactured length (L) shall be the distance
from the plain end to the bell inside shoulder. SeeTerminology 5. Flat Slab Top Test Method
C822 for definitions of manufactured length (L) and overall
5.1 Summary of Test Method—A load is applied to the flat
length (L ).
slab top and the supporting capacity of the flat slab top is
4.7.2 Theultimatestrengthinpoundsperlinearfootshallbe
measured.
calculated by dividing the maximum test load applied to the
5.2 Significance and Use—The test method is a proof of
pipe by the manufactured length (L).
design test performed to prove the adequacy of the design.
4.7.3 The D-load strength in pounds per linear foot per foot
ofinsidediameterorhorizontalspanshallbeeitherthe0.01-in. 5.3 Conditioning—The moisture requirements of 1.3 are not
crack D-load strength or the ultimate D-load strength. The required, at the option of the manufacturer.
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C497 − 20
NOTE 1—The figure illustrates a method of applying the load to the pipe.
FIG. 4 Three-Edge-Bearing Test, Vertical Elliptical Pipe
6.3 Conditioning—The temperature requirements of 1.3 are
not required, at the option of the manufacturer.
6.4 Procedure—Place the Type (1) or (2) base section or the
Type (3) base section riser that has been designed to be seated
on the base, upside down on a firm, even surface.Assemble the
Type (3) base to the riser section. Apply the test load to the
centerofthebasesectionbymeansofaloaddistributionblock.
The load distribution block, if circular shall not be more than
60 % of the slab diameter or manhole riser OD, whichever is
FIG. 5 Lower Bearing Strip Detail
smaller. If the distribution block is rectangular, the diagonal
shall not be more than 60 % of the slab diameter or manhole
riser OD, whichever is less (see Fig. 7c - f). The load
5.4 Procedure—Place the section that has been designated
distributionblockshallbewoodandplacedonarubberbearing
toreceivetheflatslabtoponafirm,evensurface.Assemblethe
pad. Calculate the test load as follows:
flatslabtoptothissection.Ifaframeorriserhasbeendesigned
to be fitted to the access portion of the flat slab top, assemble
P 5 1.3D12.17L 1 1 I 2 B (2)
~ !
u
it to the slab top. Apply the test load to the riser or frame as
where:
assembled to the flat slab top. If no access opening has been
P = appliedminimumultimateproof-of-designtestload,lb,
provided to the flat slab top, apply the test load to the center of
u
D = total calculated field dead load on the base section, lb,
the flat slab top by means of a 12 by 12 by 4-in. wood bearing
L = calculated live load, lb,
block. See Fig. 7. Calculate the test load as follows:
I = impact factor, 30 % minimum, and
P 5 1.3 D12.17L 11I (1)
~ !
u
B = calculated weight of the bearing block, lb.
where:
If hydrostatic head pressure is found to be present, the
P = appliedminimumultimateproof-of-designtestload,lb,
following may, at the option of the owner, be added to the
u
D = total calculated field dead load on the slab, lb,
minimum ultimate proof-of-design test load, P :
u
L = calculated live load on the flat slab top, and
P 5 1.1*γ*H *S (3)
w h A
I = impact factor, 30 % minimum.
where:
6. Base Section Test Method
P = hydrostatic head force acting on base section, lb,
w
6.1 Summary of Test Method—A load is applied to the base
γ = unit weight of water, pcf,
H = hydrostatic head based on depth of water above base
section and the supporting capacity of the base section is
h
measured (See 1.7 for safety concerns). section, ft, and
S = surface area of base section on which the hydrostatic
A
6.2 Significance of Use—The test method is a proof of
force acts upon, sq.ft.
design test performed to prove the adequacy of the design.
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C497 − 20
FIG. 6 Gauge Leaf for Measuring Cracks
FIG. 7 Flat Slab Top Test
7. Core Strength Test Method test, cap the ends of the specimen in order to meet the
requirements of Practice C617/C617M.
7.1 Summary of Test Method—The compressive strength of
7.5.2 Measurement—Prior to testing, measure the length of
the concrete in the pipe is determined by making crushing tests
the capped specimen to the nearest 0.1 in. and determine its
of cores cut from the pipe.
average diameter to the nearest 0.1 in. from two measurements
7.2 Significance and Use—The core strength test is a quality
taken at right angles near the center of the length.
control test performed to establish the fact that the finished,
7.5.3 Test specimens as prescribed in Section 5 of Test
shippable precast concrete product had sufficient concrete
Method C39/C39M. See also Practice C31/C31M.
strength to meet the strengths stated in the specifications.
7.6 Calculation and Report—Calculate the compressive
7.3 Apparatus—A core drill shall be used for securing
strength of each specimen in pounds-force per square inch
cylindrical core specimens from the wall of the pipe; a shot
based on the average diameter of the specimen. If the ratio of
drill or a diamond drill shall be used.
length to diameter is less than two, make allowance for the
7.4 Test Specimens:
ratio of length to diameter by multiplying the compressive
7.4.1 Acore specimen for the determination of compressive
strength by the applicable correction factor given in the
strengthshallhaveadiameteratleastthreetimesthemaximum
following table (determine values not given in the table by
size of the coarse aggregate used in the concrete. If cores are
interpolation):
cut from the wall of the pipe and tested, the length to diameter
Ratio Length of Cylinder Strength Correction
ratio shall lie between one and two after the curved surfaces
to Diameter, l/d Factor
have been removed from the cut core.
7.4.2 Moisture Conditioning—Unless the agency for which 1.75 0.98
1.50 0.96
the testing is being done directs otherwise, the core test
1.25 0.93
specimens shall be submerged in lime-saturated water in
1.10 0.89
1.00 0.87
accordance with the provisions of Test Method C42/C42M.
7.5 Procedure: 7.7 Precision and Bias—The user of this test method is
7.5.1 End Preparation and Capping—Core specimens to be advised that this method for testing concrete pipe for strength
tested in compression shall have ends that are essentially is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
smooth and perpendicular to the axis and of the same diameter shipments since the test method has been used extensively for
as the body of the specimen. Before making the compression acceptance testing. In cases of disagreement arising from
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C497 − 20
FIG. 7 (continued)
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C497 − 20
differences in values reported by the owner and the manufac- 5 h.At the end of the 5-h boiling period, turn off the heat, and
turer when using this test method for acceptance testing, the allow the specimen to cool in the water to room temperature by
statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the owner and natural loss of heat for not less than 14 h nor more than 24 h.
the laboratory of the manufacturer should be determined with
8.4.3.2 Test Method B Specimen—Within 24 h, carefully
each comparison being based on testing specimens randomly
place the dried specimen that has been weighed in a suitable
drawn from one pipe of the type being evaluated.
receptacle that contains clean water at a temperature of 50 to
75°F. Use distilled water, rain water, or tap water that is known
8. Absorption Test Method
to have no effect on test results. Heat the water to boiling in not
less than 1 h and not more than 2 h. Do not apply live steam to
8.1 Summary of Test Method—This test method covers the
the water to shorten the preboil periods until1hof heating by
testing of a specimen that is a sample or core from the wall of
gas or electricity has been completed. Continue the boiling for
the pipe. The test specimen is first subjected to drying, then to
3 h. At the end of the 3-h boiling period, turn off the heat and
immersion to determine the specimen’s absorption of water
cool the specimen for a period of3hby running cold tap water
when tested by the described procedures. Two alternative
into the boiler, or by placing the specimen in a separate
procedures for conducting the test are presented. Test Method
container of water. The temperature of the cooling water shall
A is the standard test and referee and will require 3 to 6 days
not exceed 65°F.
to complete. Test Method B is intended as an accelerated test
8.4.4 Reweighing Wet Specimens—Remove the water-
that requires about 1 ⁄2 days to complete.
cooled specimens from the water, place on an open drain rack,
8.2 Significance and Use—The test method is a quality
and allow to drain for 1 min. Remove the remaining superficial
control test performed to establish the fact that the finished,
water by quickly blotting the specimen with a dry absorbent
shippable pipe meets the absorption limits stated in the
cloth or paper. Weigh the specimen immediately following
specifications.
blotting.
8.3 Test Specimens:
8.4.5 Scale Sensitivity—Weigh specimens weighing less
8.3.1 Test Method A Specimens—Test Method A absorption
than 1 kg to an accuracy of 0.10 % of the specimen mass.
test specimens shall be in accordance with the requirements of
Weigh specimens weighing more than 1 kg to an accuracy of 1
the applicable pipe specification and shall be used for the
g.
absorption procedure that requires 5 h for boiling and a natural
8.5 Calculation and Report:
water cooling period of 14 to 24 h.
8.5.1 TestMethodASpecimen—Taketheincreaseinmassof
8.3.2 Test Method B Specimens—Test Method B absorption
the boiled specimen over its dry mass as the absorption of the
test specimens shall consist of three 1 ⁄2-in. diameter cores as
specimen, and express it as a percentage of the dry mass.
taken from the two ends and the center area of each tile, pipe,
Report the results separately for each specimen.
or section.
8.5.2 Test Method B Specimen—Take the increase in mass
8.4 Procedure for Boiling Absorption Test Method:
of the boiled specimen over its dry mass as the absorption of
8.4.1 Drying Specimens—Dry specimens in a ventilated
the specimen, and express it as a percentage of the dry mass.
mechanical convection oven at a temperature of 221 to 239°F.
Report the result as an average of the three 1 ⁄2-in. diameter
8.4.1.1 Test Method A—Dry specimens until two successive
cores as taken from one tile or pipe. The absorption, as
weighings at intervals of not less than 6 h show an increment
calculatedbytheTestMethodBprocedure,shallbeconsidered
of loss not greater than 0.10 % of the last oven-dry mass of the
satisfactory when its value does not exceed a value that is
specimen. Dry specimens with a wall thickness of 1.5 in. or
0.5 % less than the absorption designated in theTest MethodA
less for a minimum of 24 h; dry specimens with a wall
procedure. When the absorption, as computed by the Test
thickness of 1.5 to 3 in. for a minimum of 48 h; dry specimens
Method B procedure, does not meet the specified requirement,
with a wall thickness exceeding 3 in. for a minimum of 72 h.
the manufacturer is not prohibited from performing a retest
Usethelast6hofthe minimum drying time to determine
using Test Method A.
whether or not the sample had obtained the proper dried mass.
8.4.1.2 Test Method B—Dry specimens for a minimum of
8.6 Procedure for 10-Min Soaking Absorption Test—Test
24 h.
specimens for the determination of the 10-min water soaking
8.4.2 Weighing Dried Specimens—Weigh the oven-dried
absorptionshallbethesameasarelaterusedforthe5-hboiling
specimens immediately upon removal from the oven where the absorption test.After drying and weighing as specified in 8.4.1
drying temperature is 221 to 239°F.
and 8.4.2, immerse the specimens in clear water for 10 min at
8.4.3 Immersion and Boiling: room temperature. Then remove the specimens and weigh in
8.4.3.1 Test Method A Specimen—Within 24 h, carefully accordance with 8.4.4, calculate the percentage absorption, and
place the dried specimen that has been weighed in a suitable report in accordance with the provisions described in 8.5.
receptacle that contains clean water at a temperature of 50 to
NOTE 4—There is no significant correlation between the results of this
75°F. Use distilled water, rain water, or tap water that is known
test and those of Test Method A or Test Method B.
to have no effect on test results. Heat the water to boiling in not
8.7 Precision and Bias—The user of these test methods are
less than 1 h and not more than 2 h. Do not apply live steam to
advised of the following:
the water to shorten the preboil period until1hof heating by
gas or electricity has been completed. Continue the boiling for 8.7.1 Single-Operator Precision:
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C497 − 20
8.7.1.1 Test Method A—The single operator standard devia- above the horizontal axis. Raise the pressure of the water in
tion has been found to be 0.143 %. Therefore, results of two approximately 1 min to the required level and hold for the
properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same specified time. There shall be no visible leakage. Moisture
material should not differ by more than 0.40 %. appearing in the form of patches or beads adhering to the
8.7.1.2 Test Method B—The single operator standard devia- surface shall not be considered leakage. If leakage occurs, the
tion has been found to be 0.157 %. Therefore, results of two manufacturer is not prohibited from extending the soak time to
properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same 24 h.
material should not differ by more than 0.44 %. 9.3.5 If the owner does not require the wall of the pipe to be
tested, the manufacturer has the option to test the pipe joint for
NOTE 5—The numbers in 8.7.1.1 and 8.7.1.2 represent, respectively, the
watertightness to the parameters established in 9.3.4 by meth-
(1S) and (D2S) limits described in Practice C670.
ods that pressurize the joint either internally or externally.
8.7.1.3 10-Min Soak Test Method—Precision for this test
9.4 Precision and Bias—No justifiable statement is pres-
method has not been determined but is being investigated. A
ently capable of being made either on precision or on the bias
statement will be included when proper data have been
of this method of testing for leakage under hydrostatic pressure
collected and analyzed.
since the test result merely states whether there is conformance
8.7.2 Multilaboratory Precision—Multilaboratory precision
to the criteria for success specified.
of Test Methods A, B, and the 10-min soak test method have
notbeendeterminedbutarebeinginvestigated.Statementswill
10. Permeability Test Method
be included for each when the proper data have been obtained
and analyzed.
10.1 Summary of Test Method—A section of pipe is kept
8.7.3 Bias—Bias for Test Methods A, B, and the 10-min
filled with water for a specified time and the outer surface is
soak test method cannot be determined since the true value of
tested for moisture.
absorption is not known and cannot be determined except by
10.2 Significance and Use—The test method is a quality
application of tests for which the bias is not known.
control test performed to establish the fact that the finished,
shippable pipe meets the leakage limits stated in the specifi-
9. Hydrostatic Test Method
cations.
9.1 Summary of Test Method—The section of pipe or
10.3 Procedure—The pipe specimen under test shall be free
manhole is subjected to hydrostatic pressure and observed for
of all visible moisture prior to the initiation of the test. Perform
leakage at the joint or on the surface of the wall. The joint is
tests by placing the specimen to be tested, with the spigot end
defined as a connection between the concrete section of pipe or
down on a soft rubber mat or its equivalent, weighted if
manhole that provides alignment and the flexible watertight
necessary,andkeptfilledwithwatertoalevelofthebaseofthe
seal using either rubber gaskets, sealing bands, or preformed
socket during the test period. Make the initial inspection
flexible joint sealant.
approximately 15 min after the test has begun. If the pipe
9.2 Significance and Use—The test method is a quality
shows moist or damp spots on the outer surface of the pipe at
control test performed to establish the fact that the finished, that time, continue the tests for a period not to exceed 24 h at
shippable pipe or manhole meets the hydrostatic requirements
the option of the manufacturer. Examine the pipe during the
stated in the specifications for the installed wall or joint, or extended period for existence of moist or damp spots.
both.
10.4 Precision and Bias—No justifiable statement is pres-
9.3 Procedure: ently capable of being made either on precision or on the bias
9.3.1 The equipment for making the test shall be such that, ofthismethodoftestingforleakagesincethetestresultmerely
when the specimen under test is filled with water to the states whether there is conformance to the criteria for success
exclusion of air and subject to the required hydrostatic specified.
pressure, there shall not be enough leakage of water from the
ends of the pipe to interfere with the test. The specimen under
11. Manhole Step Test Methods
test shall be free of all visible moisture prior to the initiation of
11.1 Summary of Test Method—This test method determines
the test.
the ability of an installed step to withstand a specified
9.3.2 Do not test when the temperature of the specimen, the
horizontal pull at right angles to the wall of a manhole riser or
air around the specimen, or the water wi
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