ASTM F2465/F2465M-20

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Designation: F2465/F2465M − 05 (Reapproved 2016) F2465/F2465M − 20
Standard Guide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point
Spray Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2465/F2465M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant
application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.
1.2 This guide covers vessel-based spray systems employing single-point spray nozzles, including designs that have been based
on or evolved from “fire-monitor” systems, and is not fully applicable to other systems such as spray boom/nozzle or aircraft
systems.
1.3 This guide is one of five related to dispersant application systems. The other four guides cover the design of boom and
nozzle systems, spray system calibration, spray deposition measurements, and use of the systems. Familiarity with all five guides
(listed in 2.1) is recommended.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1737 Guide for Use of Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment During Spill Response: Boom and Nozzle Systems
F1738 Test Method for Determination of Deposition of Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
3. Equipment Description
3.1 General—“Single-point” oil spill dispersant spray systems include spray nozzles, some of which may be similar to those
used in firefighting, that generate a spray pattern directed out from a location on the side of the vessel without the need for an
outrigger boom or spray arm system to support the spray nozzle. The system includes a pumping or pressure system to deliver
dispersants to the nozzle(s) or device used to spray the dispersant out onto the oil slick, and associated piping and control valves.
All systems shall include flow meters and pressure gauges to monitor the dispersant discharge. All systems shall be equipped with
provision for cleaning and drainage. System components shall be designed to give a uniform droplet spray and volumetric coverage
as described in this guide.
NOTE 1—Nozzles used in firefighting applications are generally designed to direct a large quantity of water or firefighting foam, or both, to a small
area or fire hot spot. As such, many standard firefighting nozzles are not suitable for effective application of dispersant. Some firefighting nozzles have
variable spray pattern adjustment and flow control and these may be suitable for dispersant application. Some foam application nozzles have been
designed to generate uniform, volumetric fallout along the length of their spray pattern and these have potential for dispersant application. Nozzles
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.13
on Treatment.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016April 1, 2020. Published March 2016April 2020. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
ɛ1
F2465/F2465M – 05(2011)(2016). . DOI: 10.1520/F2465_F2465M-05R16.10.1520/F2465_F2465M-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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F2465/F2465M − 20
specifically designed for use in single-point dispersant application systems are also available.
3.2 Modes of Operation—Typical operational modes could include two nozzles, one mounted on the port deck rail and the other
on the starboard deck rail, both located towards the bow of the vessel. The nozzles are supplied dispersant from either a common
or separate pumps and are plumbed to permit independent operation and flow control. The nozzles spray dispersant out from the
side of the vessel perpendicular to the direction of the vessel’s movement and treat oil on each side of the vessel in the zone free
of the influence of the vessel’s bow wave as it moves through the slick. This type of operation is only effective in light winds.
3.2.1 In moderate to high wind conditions the vessel would travel in a cross-wind direction, and dispersant would be sprayed
downwind, only from the nozzle mounted on the downwind side of the vessel. If nozzles were mounted on both sides of the vessels
only the downwind of the two nozzles would be used at any given time. Use of the two nozzles would alternate when the vessel
reverses direction after completing a spray pass. Smaller single-point spray systems can utilize portable, “manned” nozzles to
permit the operator to direct the spray from the side of the vessel onto oil slicks either while the vessel is moving or stationary.
This allows the operator to target heavier patches of oil with dispersant as required.
3.3 Neat versus Dilute Application—Single-point spray systems may be used to apply dispersant neat or diluted, depending on
the manufacturer’s usage guidelines and on the slick conditions. Operators should be aware that some dispersant products are less
effective when applied diluted with seawater. Manufacturer’s recommended usage guidelines and independent research on
dispersant effectiveness testing shall be consulted when considering dilute application.
3.4 Operational Advantages: Advantages over Spray Boom Systems:
3.4.1 In operational terms, single-point spray systems may offer the following advantages over vessel-based application
systems:No specialized spray booms, spray boom attachments, or supports are required, which makes the system easy to install
on vessels-of-opportunity.
3.4.1.1 No specialized spray booms, spray boom attachments, or supports are required, which makes the system easy to install
on vessels-of-opportunity.
3.4.1.2 Less possibility of damage to the spray equipment in rough sea conditions.
3.4.1.3 The spray swath can be considerably wider than conventional spray boom/multi-nozzle systems.
3.4.2 Less possibility of damage to the spray equipment in rough sea conditions.
3.4.3 The spray swath can be considerably wider than conventional spray boom/multi-nozzle systems.
3.4.4 The single nozzles are easier to maintain than the multiple small orifices used in spray boom systems.
3.4.5 Higher application rates are possible which may allow one-pass spraying in thick oil conditions.
3.4.6 Single-point spray systems may offer the following advantages over conventional boom and nozzle application
systems:The single-point spray nozzle can be used in a “manned” operation and dispersant spray can be directed to thick oil
patches in the vicinity of the vessel without the need to precisely position the spray vessel.
3.4.2.1 The single nozzles are easier to maintain than the multiple small orifices used in spray boom systems.
3.4.2.2 Higher application rates are possible which may allow one-pass spraying in thick oil conditions.
3.4.2.3 The single-point spray nozzle can be used in a “manned” operation and dispersant spray can be directed to thick oil
patches in the vicinity of the vessel without the need to precisely position the spray vessel.
3.5 Operational Disadvantages—The single-point spray systems may have the following disadvantages as compared with
conventional boom/multiple nozzle vessel and aircraft application systems.
3.5.1 The spray pattern from single-nozzle systems may be more susceptible to wind influences than conventional
boom/multiple nozzle systems.
3.5.2 May be less able to apply a uniform dose rate of dispersant.
3.5.3 Application of low doses of dispersant for treatment of thin oil slicks is difficult unless the dispersant is diluted with
seawater.
3.5.4 The vessel platform has slow transit and application speeds when compared with aircraft application syst
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