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ASTM D34-08(2023)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Chemical Analysis of White Pigments

Standard Guide for Chemical Analysis of White Pigments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This compilation of available ASTM methods for the analysis of white pigment serves as a guide to chemists.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the chemical analysis of white pigments.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2023
ICS
87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.31 - Pigment Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C471M-24 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2024
Refers
ASTM D1301-91(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Lead Pigments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D715-86(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Barium Sulfate Pigment
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D1199-86(2020) - Standard Specification for Calcium Carbonate Pigments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D3280-85(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of White Zinc Pigments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D1394-76(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Titanium Pigments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D717-86(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Magnesium Silicate Pigment
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D718-86(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Aluminum Silicate Pigment
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM C471M-17a - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Refers
ASTM C471M-17 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM C471M-17e1 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM C471M-16a - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Metric)
Effective Date
15-Jun-2016
Refers
ASTM C471M-16 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Refers
ASTM D715-86(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Barium Sulfate Pigment
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Refers
ASTM D1301-91(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Lead Pigments
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014

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ASTM D34-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Chemical Analysis of White PigmentsASTM D34-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Chemical Analysis of White Pigments
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ASTM D34-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Chemical Analysis of White Pigments
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D34 − 08 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Chemical Analysis of White Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1301 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Lead
Pigments
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the chemical analysis
D1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Tita-
of white pigments.
nium Pigments
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
D3280 Test Methods for Analysis of White Zinc Pigments
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 This compilation of available ASTM methods for the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
analysis of white pigment serves as a guide to chemists.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Test Methods
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the follow-
2.1 ASTM Standards: ing ASTM methods. Test procedures not covered by ASTM
C471M Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and
methods shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.
Gypsum Products (Metric)
4.2 Lead Pigments—Test Methods D1301.
D715 Test Methods for Analysis of Barium Sulfate Pigment
4.3 Zinc Pigments—Test Methods D3280.
D717 Test Methods for Analysis of Magnesium Silicate
Pigment 4.4 Titanium Dioxide Pigments—Test Methods D1394.
D718 Test Methods for Analysis of Aluminum Silicate
4.5 Calcium Carbonate Pigments: Whiting, Paris White,
Pigment
Spanish White, Chalk—Specification D1199.
D1199 Specification for Calcium Carbonate Pigments
4.6 Calcium Sulfate Pigments: Gypsum, Terra Alba, Plaster
of Paris—Test Methods C471M.
This guide is under the juri
...

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ASTM D2745-00(2023)(Test Method)
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4.1 Tinting strength is one of the most important properties of a white pigment. This test method provides a means of testing this property for quality control.  
4.2 This test method is a referee method, and the vehicle for preparing the dispersion and the black for tinting are suggested, but others may be used provided both the purchaser and the seller agree to the changes.  
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1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the relative tinting strength of white pigments by reflectance measurements of black tints.  
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5.1 This test method allows the user to make a determination of the blueness or yellowness of the tint undertone of titanium dioxide pigments, versus a reference pigment agreed upon by the parties to the test. This is an important measure of tone, since it gives both a measure of effective particle size, and quick approximation of the blue/yellow undertone that can be expected when a coating containing the titanium dioxide is tinted.  
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4.1 This test method is useful for determining the amount of metallic zinc in zinc dust pigment, and also in dried films of both inorganic and organic zinc-rich coatings. Test Methods D521 is an appropriate method for analyzing zinc dust, but has shortcomings when applied to samples of cured coatings.
SCOPE
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of yellow, orange, red, and brown pigments containing iron and manganese. The test methods apply specifically to the following pigments: synthetic hydrated yellow iron oxide, yellow ocher, red and brown iron oxides, raw and burnt umber, raw and burnt sienna, and venetian red.  
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ASTM  
Method  
Refer-  
Dry Pigments
Sections  
ences  
Moisture and Other Volatile Matter  
6  
D280  
Loss on Ignition  
7  
Coarse Particles  
8  
D185  
Matter Soluble in Water  
9  
D1208  
Organic Coloring Matter  
10  
Iron Oxide  
11 and 12  
Calcium Compounds (Reported as CaO)  
13 and 14  
Sulfates Soluble in Hydrochloric Acid  
15 and 16  
Lead Chromate (in Ochers)  
17  
Calcium Carbonate (in Venetian Red)  
18  
C25  
Manganese (in Siennas and Umbers)  
19 and 20  
Pigment Pastes in Oil  
Pigment Content  
21  
D1208  
Moisture and Other Volatile Matter  
22  
D1208  
Nonvolatile Matter in Vehicle  
23  
Moisture by Distillation  
24  
D1208  
Coarse Particles and Skins  
25  
D185  
Consistency (Stormer)  
26  
D562  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D1483-12(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The oil absorption value obtained by this test method provides information about the vehicle demand of the pigment when it is used in a pigment paste. Oil absorption values can be used to characterize batches of a given pigment.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oil absorption of pigments by the Gardner-Coleman procedure.2  
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