ASTM E1411-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As with conventional radiography, radioscopic examination is broadly applicable to the many materials and object configurations which may be penetrated with X-rays or gamma rays. The high degree of variation in architecture and performance among radioscopic systems due to component selection, physical arrangement, and object variables makes it necessary to establish the level of performance that the selected radioscopic system is capable of achieving in specific applications. The manufacturer of the radioscopic system, as well as the user, require a common basis for determining the performance level of the radioscopic system.
5.2 This practice does not purport to provide a method to measure the performance of individual radioscopic system components that are manufactured according to a variety of industry standards. This practice covers measurement of the combined performance of the radioscopic system elements when operated together as a functional radioscopic system.
5.3 This practice addresses the performance of radioscopic systems in the static mode only. Radioscopy can also be a dynamic, real-time or near real-time examination technique that can allow test-part motion as well as parameter changes during the radioscopic examination process. The use of this practice is not intended to be limiting concerning the use of the dynamic properties of radioscopy. Users of radioscopy are cautioned that the dynamic aspects of radioscopy can have beneficial as well as detrimental effects upon system performance and must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
5.4 This qualification procedure is intended to benchmark radioscopic system performance under selected operating conditions to provide a measure of system performance. Qualification shall not restrict operation of the radioscopic system at other radioscopic examination parameter settings, which may provide improved performance on actual examination objects.
5.5 Radioscopic system performance measured purs...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides test and measurement details for measuring the performance of X-ray and gamma ray radioscopic systems. Radioscopic examination applications are diverse. Therefore, system configurations are also diverse and constantly changing as the technology advances.
1.2 This practice is intended as a means of initially qualifying and re-qualifying a radioscopic system for a specified application by determining its performance level when operated in a static mode. System architecture including the means of radioscopic examination record archiving and the method for making the accept/reject decision are also unique system features and their effect upon system performance must be evaluated.
1.3 The general principles, as stated in this practice, apply broadly to transmitted-beam penetrating radiation radioscopy systems. Other radioscopic systems, such as those employing neutrons and Compton back-scattered X-ray imaging techniques, are not covered as they may involve equipment and application details unique to such systems.
1.4 The user of this practice shall note that energies higher than 320keV may require different methods than those described within this practice.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1411 −16
Standard Practice for
1
Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice provides test and measurement details for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
measuring the performance of X-ray and gamma ray radio- E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Group-
scopic systems. Radioscopic examination applications are ing Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
diverse. Therefore, system configurations are also diverse and Used for Radiology
constantly changing as the technology advances. E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
1.2 This practice is intended as a means of initially quali-
dicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
fying and re-qualifying a radioscopic system for a specified
E1165 Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of
application by determining its performance level when oper-
Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging
ated in a static mode. System architecture including the means
E1255 Practice for Radioscopy
of radioscopic examination record archiving and the method
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
for making the accept/reject decision are also unique system
E1647 Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Ra-
features and their effect upon system performance must be
diology
evaluated.
E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness
1.3 The general principles, as stated in this practice, apply
and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radios-
broadly to transmitted-beam penetrating radiation radioscopy
copy
systems. Other radioscopic systems, such as those employing
E2698 Practice for Radiological Examination Using Digital
neutrons and Compton back-scattered X-ray imaging
Detector Arrays
techniques,arenotcoveredastheymayinvolveequipmentand
E2903 Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal
application details unique to such systems.
Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus X-ray Tubes
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1.4 The user of this practice shall note that energies higher
2.2 ISO Standards:
than 320keV may require different methods than those de-
ISO 19232–2 Step Hole Image Quality Indicator
scribed within this practice.
ISO 19232–5 Duplex Wire Image Quality Indicator
4
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
2.3 Other Standards:
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
EN 462–2 Step Hole IQI (withdrawn and replaced with ISO
standard.
19232–2)
EN 462–5 Duplex Wire IQI (withdrawn and replaced with
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 19232–5)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- the ASTM website.
3
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method. Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2016.PublishedJuly2016.Originallyapproved Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
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in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1411 - 2009. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
E1411-16. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1411 − 16
3. Terminology practice is not intended to be limiting concerning the use of the
dynamic properties of radioscopy. Users of radioscopy are
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
cautioned that the dynamic aspects of radioscopy can have
practice, see Terminology E1316.
beneficial as well as detrimental effects upon system perfor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1411 − 09 E1411 − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides test and measurement details for measuring the performance of X-ray and Gammagamma ray
radioscopic systems. Radioscopic examination applications are diverse. Therefore, system configurations are also diverse and
constantly changing as the technology advances.
1.2 This practice is intended as a means of initially qualifying and re-qualifying a radioscopic system for a specified application
by determining its performance level when operated in a static mode. System architecture including the means of radioscopic
examination record archiving and the method for making the accept/reject decision are also unique system features and their effect
upon system performance must be evaluated.
1.3 The general principles, as stated in this practice, apply broadly to transmitted-beam penetrating radiation radioscopy
systems. Other radioscopic systems, such as those employing neutrons and Compton back-scattered X-ray imaging techniques, are
not covered as they may involve equipment and application details unique to such systems.
1.4 The user of this practice shall note that energies higher than 320keV may require different methods than those described
within this practice.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For information on safety requirements, refer to the applicable documents listed in Section 2.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiology
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiology
E1165 Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging
E1255 Practice for Radioscopy
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1647 Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radiology
E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy
E2698 Practice for Radiological Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays
E2903 Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus X-ray Tubes
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 19232–2 Step Hole Image Quality Indicator
ISO 19232–5 Duplex Wire Image Quality Indicator
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and
Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009June 1, 2016. Published August 2009July 2016. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20062009 as
E1411 - 01E1411(2006). - 2009. DOI: 10.1520/E1411-09.10.1520/E1411-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1411 − 16
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2.3 Other Standard:Standards:
EN 462–2 Step Hole IQI (withdrawn and replaced with ISO 19232–2)
EN 462–5 Duplex Wire IQI (withdrawn and replaced with ISO 19232–5)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, see Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 detector unsharpness—the unsharpness of the detector with mag
...
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