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ASTM D792-08

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement

Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The specific gravity or density of a solid is a property that is conveniently measured to identify a material, to follow physical changes in a sample, to indicate degree of uniformity among different sampling units or specimens, or to indicate the average density of a large item.  
Changes in density of a single material are due to localized differences in crystallinity, loss of plasticizer, absorption of solvent, or to other causes. It is possible that portions of a sample differ in density because of their differences in crystallinity, thermal history, porosity, and composition (types or proportions of resin, plasticizer, pigment, or filler).  
Density is useful for calculating strength-weight and cost-weight ratios.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the specific gravity (relative density) and density of solid plastics in forms such as sheets, rods, tubes, or molded items.  
1.2 Two test methods are described:  
1.2.1 Test Method A—For testing solid plastics in water, and  
1.2.2 Test Method B—For testing solid plastics in liquids other than water.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This standard is not equivalent to ISO 1183–1 Method A. This test method provides more guidelines on sample weight and dimension. ISO 1183-1 allows testing at an additional temperature of 27 ± 2°C.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jun-2008
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.70 - Analytical Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D792-00 - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D8131/D8131M-23 - Standard Practice for Tensile Properties of Tapered and Stepped Joints of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D3981-09a(2016) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Medium-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4635-16 - Standard Specification for Plastic Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4745-19 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Filled Polytetrafluoroethlyene (PTFE) Molding and Extrusion Materials Using ASTM Methods
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM F3087-15 - Standard Specification for Acrylic Molding Resins for Medical Implant Applications
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D2116-16(2021) - Standard Specification for FEP Resin Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM F3123-22 - Standard Specification for Metric Outside Diameter Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PN)
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM F2788/F2788M-21 - Standard Specification for Metric and Inch-sized Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6484/D6484M-20 - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4067-23 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Reinforced and Filled Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) (PPS) Injection Molding and Extrusion Materials Using ASTM Methods
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM F2905/F2905M-22 - Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Line Pipe For Oil and Gas Producing Applications
Effective Date
15-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6495/D6495M-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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15-Jun-2008
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ASTM D5450/D5450M-22 - Standard Test Method for Transverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders
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15-Jun-2008
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ASTM D7273/D7273M-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets and Geonet Drainage Geocomposites
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ASTM D792-08 - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementASTM D792-08 - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
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REDLINE ASTM D792-08 - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementREDLINE ASTM D792-08 - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
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REDLINE ASTM D792-08 - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D792 −08
StandardTest Methods for
Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics
1
by Displacement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope* of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
specific gravity (relative density) and density of solid plastics
IEEE/ASTM SI-10Practice for Use of the International
in forms such as sheets, rods, tubes, or molded items.
System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System)
1.2 Two test methods are described:
1.2.1 Test Method A—Fortestingsolidplasticsinwater,and
3. Terminology
1.2.2 Test Method B—For testing solid plastics in liquids
other than water. 3.1 General—Theunits,symbols,andabbreviationsusedin
these test methods are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI-10.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Definitions:
standard.
3.2.1 specific gravity (relative density)—the ratio of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mass of a given volume of the impermeable portion of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
material at 23°C to the mass of an equal volume of gas-free
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
distilled or de-mineralized water at the same temperature; the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
form of expression shall be:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE1—ThisstandardisnotequivalenttoISO1183–1MethodA.This
test method provides more guidelines on sample weight and dimension.
Specificgravity~relativedensity!23/23°C
ISO 1183-1 allows testing at an additional temperature of 27 6 2°C.
orspgr23/23°C
~ !
NOTE 2—This definition is essentially equivalent to the definition for
2. Referenced Documents
apparent specific gravity and apparent density in Terminology E12,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: because the small percentage difference introduced by not correcting for
the buoyancy of air is insignificant for most purposes.
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
3.2.2 density—cubic metre of impermeable portion of the
Industrial Chemicals
material at 23°C. The form of expression shall be:
D4968Guide for Annual Review of Test Methods and
Specifications for Plastics
23 3
D ,kg/m
D6436Guide for Reporting Properties for Plastics and
Thermoplastic Elastomers
(Notes 2-4)
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
NOTE 3—The SI unit of density, as defined in IEEE/ASTM SI-10,is
E12Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
3 3 3
kg/m .To convert density in g/cm to density in kg/m , multiply by 1000.
3
NOTE 4—To convert specific gravity 23/23°C to density 23°C, kg/m ,
use the following equation:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical
Methods (Section D20.70.01).
23C 3
D ,kg/m 5 spgr23/23°C 3997.5
Current edition approved June 15, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally
3
Where 997.5 kg/m is the density of water at 23°C.
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D792-00. DOI:
10.1520/D0792-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D792−08
4. Summary of Test Method 9. Apparatus
4.1 Determine the mass of a specimen of the solid plastic in 9.1 Analytical Balance—A balance with a precision of 0.1
air. It is then immersed in a liquid, its apparent mass upon
mgorbetterisrequiredformaterialshavingdensitieslessthan
3
immersion is determined, and its specific gravity (relative 1.00 g/cm and sample weights less than 10 grams. For all
density) calculated.
othermaterialsandsampleweights,abalancewithprecisionof
1 mg or better is acceptable (see Note 5). The balance shall be
5. Significance and Use
equipped with a
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 792–00 Designation: D 792 – 08
Standard Test Methods for
Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics
1
by Displacement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thesetestmethodsdescribethedeterminationofthespecificgravity(relativedensity)anddensityofsolidplasticsinforms
such as sheets, rods, tubes, or molded items.
1.2 Two test methods are described:
1.2.1 Test Method A— For testing solid plastics in water, and
1.2.2 Test Method B— For testing solid plastics in liquids other than water. Note1—Alternatively, Test Method D1505 may be
applied to many such forms, as well as to films and sheeting.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE2—This standard is not equivalent to ISO 1183 Method A. 1—This standard is not equivalent to ISO 1183–1 Method A. This test method
provides more guidelines on sample weight and dimension. ISO 1183-1 allows testing at an additional temperature of 27 6 2°C.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing Test Method for Determination of
Reference Temperature, T , for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
o
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquidIndustrialChemicals TestMethodforDeterminationofReference
Temperature, T , for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
o
D4968 Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T , for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
o
2
D1505Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
2
D1622Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics
D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics
2
D4968Guide for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics 6436 Test Method for Determination of
Reference Temperature, T , for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
o
E1Specification forASTMThermometers Test Method for Determination of ReferenceTemperature,T , for Ferritic Steels in
o
the Transition Range
E12Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
E380Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System) Terminology Relating to
3
Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
7
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method Test Method for
Determination of Reference Temperature, T , for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
o
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods
(Section D20.70.01).
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published March 2001. Originally published as D792–44. Last previous edition D792–98.
Current edition approved June 15, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D792-00.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 792–08
3. Terminology
3.1 General—The units, symbols, and abbreviations used in these test methods are in accordance with Practice E380IEEE/
ASTM SI-10.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 specific gravity (relative density)—the ratio of the mass in air of a unitgiven volume of the impermeable portion of the
material at 23°C to t
...

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1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr...

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ASTM
ASTM D5026-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Tension

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic materials using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development, as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, make reference to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specificati...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The tensile data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 4.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Pri...

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ASTM
ASTM D5023-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping.  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established ...

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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