ASTM D8131/D8131M-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Tensile Properties of Tapered and Stepped Joints of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Standard Practice for Tensile Properties of Tapered and Stepped Joints of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test practice is designed to produce tensile property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the tensile response and should therefore be reported include the following: materials (laminates and adhesive), methods of material preparation including surface preparation prior to bonding, lay-ups, specimen stacking sequence, joint taper ratio or step length, ply overlap length, material relative thicknesses and stiffness of the parent and repair laminates, adhesive bond stiffness, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test practice, include the following:
5.1.1 Ultimate tensile strength (based on the nominal parent material thickness), (Fptu).
5.1.2 Ultimate tensile strength (based on the nominal repair material thickness), (Frtu).
5.1.3 Ultimate running force per repair ply, (Nj).
SCOPE
1.1 This test practice defines the procedure for determination of the tensile strength of a tapered or stepped joint of polymer matrix composite materials. It is applicable to secondary bonded or co-bonded laminates with either unidirectional plies or woven fabric reinforcements. The materials to be bonded may be different material systems. In the bondline, a separate adhesive material may or may not be used (example: adhesives may be used with a prepreg system or may not be used with a wet lay-up repair system). The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is described in 8.2.1.
1.2 This practice supplements Test Method D3039/D3039M for tensile loading. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, joint length, ply overlaps, step depth, and taper ratio) are not mandated by this practice, however, these parameters are required to be specified and reported to support repeatable results.
1.3 Unidirectional (0° ply orientation) tape composites, textile composites, as well as multidirectional composite laminates, can be tested.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8131/D8131M − 23
Standard Practice for
Tensile Properties of Tapered and Stepped Joints of
1
Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8131/D8131M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test practice defines the procedure for determina-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tion of the tensile strength of a tapered or stepped joint of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
polymer matrix composite materials. It is applicable to second-
ary bonded or co-bonded laminates with either unidirectional
2. Referenced Documents
plies or woven fabric reinforcements. The materials to be
bonded may be different material systems. In the bondline, a 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
separate adhesive material may or may not be used (example:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
adhesives may be used with a prepreg system or may not be
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
used with a wet lay-up repair system). The range of acceptable
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
test laminates and thicknesses is described in 8.2.1.
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
1.2 This practice supplements Test Method D3039/D3039M
Resins
for tensile loading. Several important test specimen parameters
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
(for example, joint length, ply overlaps, step depth, and taper
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Poly-
ratio) are not mandated by this practice, however, these
mer Matrix Composite Materials
parameters are required to be specified and reported to support
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
repeatable results.
Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1.3 Unidirectional (0° ply orientation) tape composites,
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
textile composites, as well as multidirectional composite
laminates, can be tested. erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
Composite Materials
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
ing Machines
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
from the two systems shall not be combined.
Lot or Process
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
brackets.
ASTM Test Methods
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E2533 Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.2 Other Documents:
CMH-17 Composite Materials Handbook-17 – Volume I
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8131/ Available for purchase in print and e-book format from SAE International,
ɛ1
D8131M – 17 . DOI: 10.1520/D8131_D8131M-23. http://books.sae.org/r-422/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D8131/D8131M − 17 D8131/D8131M − 23
Standard Practice for
Tensile Properties of Tapered and Stepped Joints of
1
Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8131/D8131M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes made in September 2017.
1. Scope
1.1 This test practice defines the procedure for determination of the tensile strength of a tapered or stepped joint of polymer matrix
composite materials. It is applicable to secondary bonded or co-bonded laminates with either unidirectional plies or woven fabric
reinforcements. The materials to be bonded may be different material systems. In the bondline, a separate adhesive material may
or may not be used (example: adhesives may be used with a prepreg system or may not be used with a wet lay-up repair system).
The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is described in 8.2.1.
1.2 This practice supplements Test Method D3039/D3039M for tensile loading. Several important test specimen parameters (for
example, joint length, ply overlaps, step depth, and taper ratio) are not mandated by this practice, however, these parameters are
required to be specified and reported to support repeatable results.
1.3 Unidirectional (0° ply orientation) tape composites, textile composites, as well as multidirectional composite laminates, can
be tested.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
nonconformance with the standard
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017May 1, 2023. Published August 2017June 2023. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
ɛ1
D8131/D8131M – 17 . DOI: 10.1520/D8131_D8131M-17E01.10.1520/D8131_D8131M-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8131/D8131M − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E2533 Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer
...
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