ASTM D4845-96

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Designation:D4845–96
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4845; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
acid content, n—of felt, the number of milliequivalents of acid treating with a mineral acid or an acid salt, drying and
present per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribed baking, crushing, and dusting out the embrittled cellulosic
conditions. D 461 matter followed by neutralization of the acidified wool.
alkali-solubility, n—in wool, the percent of clean wool that is D2118
soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled carded wool, n—scoured wool which has been processed
conditions of temperature and time. D 1283 through a carding machine. D 1575
alpaca, n—the fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an cashmere, n—in roving, yarn, or fabrics, cashmere hair or
animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus). The fiber is products made therewith having a cashmere coarse-hair
obtained from several species, namely, Huacaya and Suri. content not exceeding a specified maximum percentage by
D 2252 length. D 2816, D 2817
cashmere coarse-hair, n—those coarse fibers in cashmere hair
DISCUSSION—Alpaca is normally classified according to type, repre-
having widths greater than 30 µm. D 2816, D 2817
senting particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a
cashmere coarse-hair content, n—the total length of the
specific use, or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of
cashmere coarse-hair fibers that are present, expressed as a
animal, or preparation for market.
percentage of the total length of all the cashmere hair fibers;
animal fiber, n—any natural protein-base fiber.
that is, the percentage by length of cashmere coarse-hair in
D 1574, D 4510
cashmere hair. D 2816, D 2817
aqueous extract, n—in wool testing, the solution obtained by
cashmere down, n—those fibers in cashmere hair having
digesting a material with water or with a sodium chloride
widths of 30 µm or less. D 2816, D 2817
solution to dissolve soluble materials. D 2165
cashmere hair, n—the fibers produced by a form of goat
average fiber diameter, n—in wool and other animal fibers,
(Capra hircus) indigenous to Asia and known as the cash-
the average width of a group of fibers when measured on a
mere goat. D 2816, D 2817
projected image. D 2130, D 2252, D 3991, D 3992
DISCUSSION—Characteristically, cashmere hair consists of fine down
black felt, n—those classifications of felt manufactured to
(undercoat) fibers and coarse (outercoat) fibers.
various shades of the color black. D 2475
breaking tenacity, n—thetenacitycorrespondingtothebreak-
clean wool fiber present, n—in raw wool, the mass of wool
ing load. D 1294, D 2524
base present in the raw wool, adjusted to a moisture content
of 12 %, an alcohol-extractable content of 1.5 %, and a
DISCUSSION—Breaking tenacity is commonly expressed as grams-
mineral matter content of 0.5 %. D 584, D 1060, D 1334
force per tex (gf/tex), grams-force per denier (gf/den), millinewtons per
tex mN/tex), or millinewtons per denier (mN/den). Millinewtons are
colored fiber, n—in wool top, any fiber the color or shade of
numerically equal to grams-force times 9.81.
which differs from the normal color or shade of the fiber
mass of the sample. D 1770
burr-wool waste, n—waste removed by the burr guard of
combing wool, n—wool that is strong and strictly of combing
cards or burr pickers having a very short fiber and full of
length, that is, 2 in. (50 mm) or more. D 4845
burrs or seeds. D 4845
commercial composition, n—in wool, the percentages by
DISCUSSION—The nature of the waste varies according to the wool
weight of wool base, moisture, and other nonwool-base
from which the burrs are taken.
components in wool to which a specific commercial desig-
nation is applied. D 2720
carbonized and neutralized wool, n—a term descriptive of
scoured wool processed to destroy cellulosic impurities by commercial designation, n—in wool,atermappliedtoalotof
wool in a stated form, and having a specified commercial
composition. D 2720
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
commercial moisture content, n—the moisture calculated as
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool
a percentage of the weight of the wool, top, noils, yarn,
Felt.
fabric, etc., in the “as-is” condition; that is, containing
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published February 1997. Originally
published as D 4845 – 88. Last previous edition D 4845 – 95.
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