ASTM D2950-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods
Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted bituminous mixtures.
With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted bituminous concrete.
The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes and to monitor changes in density.
The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D 1188 or D 2726 are required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of bituminous concrete by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm (12 in.) while the detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission Method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see Section 6 and Note 4.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents may be approximate.
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Designation:D2950–09
Standard Test Method for
Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear
1
Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for deter-
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
miningthedensityofbituminousconcretebytheattenuationof
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is
terials
placed at a known depth up to 300 mm (12 in.) while the
detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission
3. Significance and Use
Method).
3.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nonde-
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material
structive technique for determining the in-place density of
under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of
compacted bituminous mixtures.
gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
3.2 Withpropercalibrationandconfirmationtesting,thetest
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
compacted bituminous concrete.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
3.4 The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive
warning statements see Section 6 and Note 4.
measurements to be made at a single test location between
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
roller passes and to monitor changes in density.
standard. The inch-pound equivalents may be approximate.
3.5 The density results obtained by this test method are
2. Referenced Documents relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188 or
2 D2726 are required to convert the results obtained using this
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any
D1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the
of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated
construction process.
Samples
D1559 Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Flow of
4. Interferences
3
Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus
4.1 The chemical composition of the material being tested
may significantly affect the measurement and adjustments may
be necessary. Certain elements with atomic numbers greater
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
than 20 may cause erroneously high test values.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
4.2 The test method exhibits spatial bias in that the instru-
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
ment is most sensitive to the density of the material in closest
in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2950 – 05. DOI: 10.1520/
proximity to the nuclear source.
D2950-09.
2
4.2.1 When measuring the density of an overlay, it may be
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
necessary to employ a correction factor if the underlying
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
material varies in thickness, mineral composition or degree of
the ASTM website.
3 consolidation at different points within the project. (SeeAnnex
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. A3.)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D2950–09
4.2.2 The surface roughness of the material being
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2950–05 Designation:D2950–09
Standard Test Method for
Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear
1
Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of bituminous concrete by the attenuation of gamma
radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is placed at a
known depth up to 300 mm (12 in.) while the detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission Method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma
emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see Section 6 and Note 4.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents may be approximate.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D 1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin-Coated
SpecimensCoated Samples
3
D 1559 Test Method for Resistance toof Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus
D 2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D 2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
D 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted
bituminous mixtures.
3.2 With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of
compacted bituminous concrete.
3.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
3.4 The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller
passes and to monitor changes in density.
3.5 The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D 1188 or D 2726
are required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities
and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor.Anew factor must be established at any time a change is made
in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
4. Interferences
4.1 The chemical composition of the material being tested may significantly affect the measurement and adjustments may be
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005.2009. Published July 2005.2009. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 19972005 as D2950–91
(1997).D 2950 – 05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2950–09
necessary. Certain elements with atomic numbers greater than 20 may cause erroneously high test values.
4.2 Thetestmethodexhibitsspatialbiasinthattheinstrumentismostsensitivetothedensityo
...
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