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ASTM F2245-23

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane

Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.” In order to comply with flight requirements, the following shall be evaluated: load distribution limit, propeller speed and pitch limit, stalling speed, takeoff, climb, landing, balked landing, controllability and maneuverability, vibrations, and ground control and stability. For compliance of structure requirements, the following shall be considered: flight loads; control surface and system loads; horizontal stabilizing and balancing surfaces (balancing loads, maneuvering loads, and gust loads); vertical stabilizing surfaces (maneuvering loads, gust loads, and outboard fins or winglets); supplementary conditions for stabilizing surfaces; ailerons, wing flaps, and special devices; ground load conditions; water load conditions; emergency landing conditions; and other loads. The aircraft shall be designed with the following minimum instrumentation and equipment: flight and navigation instruments such as airspeed indicator, and altimeter; powerplant instruments such as fuel quantity indicator, tachometer (RPM), engine “kill” switch, and engine instruments; miscellaneous equipment such as master switch, and overload protection device; and safety belts and harnesses. Each airplane shall include a Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”  
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.  
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of the result directly following the equation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2023
ICS
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F37 - Light Sport Aircraft
Drafting Committee
F37.20 - Airplane
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4814-20 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2245 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutes
F2339 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocat-
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for
ing Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an
F2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development of
“airplane.”
Maintenance Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light
F2506 Specification for Design and Testing of Light Sport
sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to
Aircraft Propellers
VFR flight.
F2538 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocat-
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units ing Compression Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
F2564 Specification for Design and Performance of a Light
and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or Sport Glider
F2746 Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH)
other) units that are provided for information only and are not
considered standard. The values stated in each system may not for Light Sport Airplane
F2840 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Electric
be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some
equations provide the units of the result directly following the Propulsion Units for Light Sport Aircraft
F3619 Specification for Aeroelasticity Requirements for a
equation.
Light Sport Airplane
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations and Advisory Circulars:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 14 CFR Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
14 CFR Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. AC 23 Powerplant Guide for Certification of Part 23 Air-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- planes and Airships
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- AC 23.1521-2 Type Certification of Oxygenates and Oxy-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the genated Gasoline Fuels in Part 23 Airplanes with Recip-
rocating Engines
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.3 EASA Requirements:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
CS-22 Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes
CS-E Engines
2. Referenced Documents
CS-P Propellers
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2.4 Other Standards:
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
EN 228 Automotive Fuels - Unleaded Petrol - Requirements
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
5
and Test Methods
Fuel
GAMA Specification No. 1 Specification for Pilot’s Operat-
D7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation
6
ing Handbook
Gasoline
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light
3
Sport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 on Airplane. Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov or http://www.gpo.gov.
4
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as F2245 – 20. DOI: Available from EASA European Aviation Safety Agency, Postfach 10 12 53,
10.1520/F2245-23. D-50452 Cologne, Germany, http://easa.europa.eu.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.din.de.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA),
the ASTM website. 1400 K Street NW, Suite 801, Washington, DC 20005-2485, http://www.gama.aero/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2245 − 20 F2245 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an “airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR
flight.
1.3 Units—The values given in this standard are in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses
are mathematical conversions to inch-pound (or other) units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Where it may not be clear, some equations provide the units of
the result directly following the equation.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
F2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutes
F2339 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
F2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft
F2506 Specification for Design and Testing of Light Sport Aircraft Propellers
F2538 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Compression Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
F2564 Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Glider
F2746 Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for Light Sport Airplane
F2840 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Electric Propulsion Units for Light Sport Aircraft
F3619 Specification for Aeroelasticity Requirements for a Light Sport Airplane
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 on Airplane.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020July 1, 2023. Published October 2020August 2023. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20182020 as
F2245F2245 – 20.–18. DOI: 10.1520/F2245-20.10.1520/F2245-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2245 − 23
3
2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations and Advisory Circulars:
14 CFR Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
14 CFR Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
AC 23 Powerplant Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes and Airships
AC 23.1521-2 Type Certification of Oxygenates and Oxygenated Gasoline Fuels in Part 23 Airplanes with Reciprocating
Engines
4
2.3 EASA Requirements:
CS-22 Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes
CS-E Engines
CS-P Propellers
2.4 Other Standards:
5
EN 228 Automotive Fuels - Unleaded Petrol - Requirements and Test Methods
6
GAMA Specification No. 1 Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook
3
Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov or http://www.gpo.gov.
4
Available from EASA European Aviation Safety Agency, Postfach 10 12 53, D-50452 Cologne, Germany, http://easa.europa.eu.
5
Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of gyroplanes. This specification includes design and performance requirements for light sport gyroplane aircraft.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of parachutes for airframes. Airframe emergency parachutes addressed in this specification refer to parachute systems designed, manufactured, and installed to recover the airframe and its occupants at a survivable rate of descent. This specification is not applicable to deep-stall parachutes, spin recovery parachutes, drogue parachutes, or other airframe emergency aerodynamic decelerators not specifically intended for safely lowering the airframe and occupants to the ground. The specification is applicable to these types of parachutes if they are an integral part of an airframe emergency parachute system designed to recover the airframe and occupants at a survivable rate of descent.  
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ASTM F3035-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Production Acceptance in the Manufacture of a Fixed Wing Light Sport Aircraft

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide the minimum requirements necessary for the establishment of a production acceptance program for a manufacturer of light sport aircraft.  
4.2 The purpose of this specification is to provide the minimum requirements for the establishment of a ground and flight test program for verifying the initial production aircraft meets certain operational performance requirements that have been set forth by the manufacturer in its Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH).  
4.3 In addition, this specification provides minimum requirements to verify that each subsequent production airplane has no obvious defects that would prevent the safe operation of the airplane.  
4.4 All requirements given in this specification are to be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s Specification F2972-compliant quality assurance system requirements.  
4.5 The following criteria should not be construed as requirements for specific features to be included on a LSA. When a requirement specifies a feature that does not exist on a LSA, the requirement does not apply.
SCOPE
1.1 The following requirements apply for the manufacture of fixed wing aircraft, including gliders. This practice includes the production acceptance test requirements.  
1.2 This practice applies to aircraft seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3061/F3061M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Systems and Equipment in Aircraft

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the systems and equipment aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Level 1, 2, 3, and 4 Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this specification are: Basic Information, Electrical Systems, Environmental Requirements, Manual Flight Controls, Automatic Flight Controls, Flight Data and Voice Recording, Hazard Mitigation, Hydraulic Systems, Instrumentation, Mechanical Systems and Equipment, Exterior Lighting, Oxygen Systems, Pneumatic Systems, Lightning Protection, and High-Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF) Protection.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable civil aviation authorities (CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Each system shall be used independently of the other; combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    30 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    30 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off