Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Mortars

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Refractory mortars are used for laying, bonding and coating refractory brick. They become an integral part of the resulting refractory lining or structure. Therefore, such mortars should be selected in order to closely match those of the brick. A classification system is provided for use in producing, purchasing and using different types of refractory mortars.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification pertains to fireclay and high-alumina refractory mortars that can be trowelled, dipped or painted to join or coat refractory bricks and shapes.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2022
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories

Relations

Effective Date
01-Sep-2013
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Effective Date
01-Dec-2005
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998
Effective Date
10-Sep-1997

Overview

ASTM C1655-06(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Mortars establishes criteria for the classification of refractory mortars used in the installation, bonding, and coating of refractory bricks and shapes. These mortars are integral to refractory linings, ensuring durability and performance in high-temperature environments such as industrial furnaces and kilns. This standard provides a systematic framework for manufacturers, purchasers, and users to specify, produce, and evaluate fireclay and high-alumina mortars for consistency and compatibility with refractory bricks.

Key Topics

  • Classification of Mortars: The standard defines fireclay and high-alumina refractory mortars based on their setting mechanisms and intended uses.
    • Heat-setting mortars, which require elevated temperatures to form a ceramic bond (typically above 2000 °F/1095 °C)
    • Air-setting mortars, which harden at ambient temperature and develop strength upon drying at 230 °F (110 °C)
    • Chemically bonded mortars, requiring lower heat for hardening, often using chemical agents (e.g., phosphate-bonded mortars)
  • Supply Conditions: Fireclay and high-alumina mortars are further classified by their supply condition:
    • Dry mortars (require mixing with water before use)
    • Wet mortars (ready for immediate use)
  • Matching Brick Compatibility: The classification addresses the importance of selecting mortars whose properties closely match those of the refractory bricks being joined or coated, maximizing the structural integrity and longevity of the refractory lining.
  • Testing and Quality Control: The standard refers to industry-recognized testing methods, such as the pier test (ASTM C199) and alumina content determination, for verifying mortar properties and ensuring quality compliance.
  • Safety and Regulatory Considerations: Users are responsible for implementing appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and ensuring compliance with relevant regulations.

Applications

ASTM C1655-06(2022) is essential for a broad range of industries where refractory linings are critical, including:

  • Industrial furnaces and kilns: Used in steel, glass, cement, and ceramics manufacturing to ensure the structural integrity of high-temperature linings.
  • Foundries and incinerators: Bonding refractory bricks in heat-intensive environments for long-lasting performance.
  • Maintenance and repairs: Provides guidance for selecting compatible mortars for repair work on existing linings, ensuring continued safety and efficiency.
  • Material specification and procurement: Manufacturers and suppliers can use the classification to standardize product offerings and ensure compatibility with customer requirements.

By following this standard, industries can achieve greater consistency, durability, and safety in their refractory installations.

Related Standards

Several key standards are referenced in or related to ASTM C1655-06(2022):

  • ASTM C27: Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick.
  • ASTM C199: Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars.
  • WTO TBT Principles: The standard aligns with international guidelines on standardization to facilitate global trade and interoperability.

These related standards help ensure comprehensive quality control and uniformity in refractory applications, making ASTM C1655-06(2022) a vital reference for professionals dealing with fireclay and high-alumina mortars.


Keywords: ASTM C1655, refractory mortars, fireclay mortars, high-alumina mortars, industrial furnace lining, refractory brick, heat-setting mortar, air-setting mortar, chemically bonded mortar, ASTM standards for refractories.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM C1655-06(2022) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Mortars". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Refractory mortars are used for laying, bonding and coating refractory brick. They become an integral part of the resulting refractory lining or structure. Therefore, such mortars should be selected in order to closely match those of the brick. A classification system is provided for use in producing, purchasing and using different types of refractory mortars. SCOPE 1.1 This classification pertains to fireclay and high-alumina refractory mortars that can be trowelled, dipped or painted to join or coat refractory bricks and shapes. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Refractory mortars are used for laying, bonding and coating refractory brick. They become an integral part of the resulting refractory lining or structure. Therefore, such mortars should be selected in order to closely match those of the brick. A classification system is provided for use in producing, purchasing and using different types of refractory mortars. SCOPE 1.1 This classification pertains to fireclay and high-alumina refractory mortars that can be trowelled, dipped or painted to join or coat refractory bricks and shapes. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM C1655-06(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM C1655-06(2022) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C27-98(2013), ASTM C199-84(2011), ASTM C27-98(2008), ASTM C199-84(2005), ASTM C199-84(2000), ASTM C27-98, ASTM C27-98(2002). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM C1655-06(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1655 −06 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Classification of
Fireclay and High-Alumina Mortars
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Basis of Classification
1.1 This classification pertains to fireclay and high-alumina 4.1 Heat-Setting Mortars—This class hardens at elevated
refractory mortars that can be trowelled, dipped or painted to temperature by forming a ceramic bond. The minimum tem-
join or coat refractory bricks and shapes. perature required for forming the ceramic bond is usually at
least 2000 °F (1095 °C).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 4.2 Air-Setting Mortars—This class initially hardens at
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only ambient temperatures in contact with air and forms a strong
and are not considered standard. bond upon drying at 230 °F (110 °C).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Chemically Bonded Mortars—Mortars in this class can-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
not be said to truly airset, since they require some heating to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
initiate hardening. However, they harden at temperatures lower
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
than those required for ceramic bonding. A common example
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of a chemically bonded mortar is a phosphate-bonded mortar.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.4 Each of the above classes of mortar are further classified
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
by the condition in which they are supplied:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.4.1 Dry Mortars—This class is supplied dry and must be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mixed with water prior to use.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.4.2 WetMortars—This class is supplied in a ready for use.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.5 The above classes of mortars are further classified for
usage with a particular type of brick as prescribed in Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Test Methods
C27 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory
5.1 The properties enumerated in this classification shall be
Brick
determined in accordance with the following ASTM test
C199 Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars
methods:
3. Significance and Use 5.1.1 Pier Test—Test Method C199. For medium-duty,
high-duty, super-duty and high-alumina mortar classes test
3.1 Refractory mortars are used for laying, bonding and
with appropriate brick that meet requirements specified in Test
coating refractory brick. They become an integral part of the
Method C199. For high-alumina mortars in the 80 %, 85 %,
resulting refractory lining or structure. Therefore, such mortars
90 %, and 99 % classes test with high-alumina brick from the
should be selected in order to closely match those of the brick.
appropriate class meeting the requirements specified in Clas-
A
...

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