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ASTM D6871-03

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus

Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment. The physical property requirement including color, fire point, flash point, pour point, relative density, and viscosity shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The electrical property requirements including dielectric breakdown voltage, dissipation factor, and gassing tendency shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The chemical requirements including corrosive sulphur, neutralization number, PCB content, and water shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment.
1.2 Natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid differs from conventional mineral oil and other high fire point (or "less-flammable") fluids in that it is an agricultural product derived from vegetable oils rather than refined from petroleum base stocks or synthesized from organic precursors.
1.3 This specification is intended to define a natural vegetable oil ester electrical insulating fluid that is compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this application. The material described in this specification may not be miscible with some synthetic electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the natural ester insulating fluid for guidance in this respect.
1.4 This specification applies only to new insulating fluid as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or fluid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2003
ICS
29.040.10 - Insulating oils
Technical Committee
D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Drafting Committee
D27.02 - Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6871-03(2008) - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus (Withdrawn 2017)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1816-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003

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ASTM D6871-03 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical ApparatusASTM D6871-03 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
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ASTM D6871-03 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6871 – 03
Standard Specification for
Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tions for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.1 This specification covers a high fire point natural veg-
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
etable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and
ity)
cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution
D 877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equip-
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
ment.
D 923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
1.2 Natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid differs from
D 924 TestMethodforDissipationFactor(orPowerFactor)
conventional mineral oil and other high fire point (or “less-
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
flammable”) fluids in that it is an agricultural product derived
cal Insulating Liquids
from vegetable oils rather than refined from petroleum base
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
stocks or synthesized from organic precursors.
Indicator Titration
1.3 This specification is intended to define a natural veg-
D 1275 Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical
etableoilesterelectricalinsulatingfluidthatiscompatiblewith
Insulating Oils
typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and will
D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific
satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
application. The material described in this specification may
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
not be miscible with some synthetic electrical insulating
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
liquids.Theusershouldcontactthemanufacturerofthenatural
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
ester insulating fluid for guidance in this respect.
D 1524 Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Elec-
1.4 This specification applies only to new insulating fluid as
trical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin in the Field
received prior to any processing. The user should contact the
D 1533 Test Methods for Water in Insulating Liquids by
manufacturer of the equipment or fluid if questions of recom-
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
mended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.
D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Elec-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
trodes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 1903 Test Method for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
Askarels
2. Referenced Documents
D 2300 Test Method for Gassing of Insulating Liquids
Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Method)
D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and
Open Cup
Solids
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D 2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
D 117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifica-
uids and Gases
D 3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Con-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on 4
ditions
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D27.02 on Gases and Synthetic Liquids.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published August 2003.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6871–03
TABLE 1 As-Received New Fluid Property Requirements
Property Limit ASTM Test Method
Physical:
Color, max 1.0 D 1500
Fire point, min, °C 300 D 92
Flash point, min, °C 275 D 92
Pour point, max, °C −10 D 97
Relative density (specific gravity) 15°C/15°C, max 0.96 D 1298
Viscosity, max, cSt at: D 445 or D 88
100°C (212°F) 15
40°C (104°F) 50
0°C (32°F) 500
Visual Examination Bright and Clear D 1524
Electrical:
Dielectric breakdown voltage at 60 Hz
Disk electrodes, min, kV 30 D 877
VDE electrodes, min, kV at: D 1816
1 mm (0.04 in.) gap 20
2 mm (0.08 in.) gap 35
Dielectric breakdown voltage, impulse conditions 130 D 3300
25°C, min, kV, needle negative to sphere grounded,
1 in. (25.4 mm) gap
Dissipation factor (or power factor) at 60 Hz, max, % D 924
25°C 0.20
100°C 4.0
Gassing tendency, max, µl/min 0 D 2300
Chemical:
Corrosive sulfur not corrosive D 1275
Neutralization number, total acid number, max, 0.06 D 974
mg KOH/g
PCB content, ppm not detectable D 4059
A
Water, max, mg/kg 200 D 1533
A
As stated in Test Methods D 1533 Annex A1 “Alternative Solvent Systems,” alternate reagents may be needed for certain natural ester formulations. Consult the
manufacturer for recommendations. Reagents for aldehydes and ketones (such as Coulomat AK and CG-K) should be used if the additives are unknown. When alternate
reagents are needed, using the Test Methods D 1533 reagents may yi
...

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3.1 In most of their uses, insulating liquids are continually in contact with metals that are subject to corrosion. The presence of elemental sulfur or corrosive sulfur compounds will result in deterioration of these metals and cause conductive or high resistive films to form. The extent of deterioration is dependent upon the quantity and type of corrosive agent and time and temperature factors. Detection of these undesirable impurities, even though not in terms of quantitative values, is a means for recognizing the hazard involved.  
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1.1 This test method describes the detection of corrosive sulfur compounds (both inorganic and organic) in electrical insulating liquids.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are included for informational purposes.  
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5.1 The primary purpose of this practice is to characterize the carbon-type composition of an oil. It is also applicable in observing the effect on oil constitution, of various refining processes such as hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and so forth. It has secondary application in relating the chemical nature of an oil to other phenomena that have been demonstrated to be related to oil composition.  
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1.1 This practice may be used to determine the carbon-type composition of mineral insulating oils by correlation with basic physical properties. For routine analytical purposes it eliminates the necessity for complex fractional separation and purification procedures. The practice is applicable to oils having average molecular weights from 200 to above 600, and 0 to 50 aromatic carbon atoms.  
1.2 Carbon-type composition is expressed as percentage of aromatic carbons, percentage of naphthenic carbons, and percentage of paraffinic carbons. These values can be obtained from the correlation chart, Fig. 1, if both the viscosity-gravity constant (VGC) and refractivity intercept (ri) of the oil are known. Viscosity, density and relative density (specific gravity), and refractive index are the only experimental data required for use of this test method.
FIG. 1 Correlation Chart for Determining % CA, % CN, and % CP  
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4.1 Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)—This is a measure of the dielectric losses in an electrical insulating liquid when used in an alternating electric field and of the energy dissipated as heat. A low dissipation factor or power factor indicates low ac dielectric losses. Dissipation factor or power factor may be useful as a means of quality control, and as an indication of changes in quality resulting from contamination and deterioration in service or as a result of handling.  
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Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids

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4.1 Accurate sampling, whether of the complete contents or only parts thereof, is extremely important from the standpoint of evaluating the quality of the liquid insulant sampled. Obviously, examination of a test specimen that, because of careless sampling procedure or contamination in sampling equipment, is not directly representative, leads to erroneous conclusions concerning quality and in addition results in a loss of time, effort, and expense in securing, transporting, and testing the sample.  
4.2 A study of gases and moisture contained in insulating oils from transformers and other electrical power apparatus can frequently give an early indication of abnormal behavior of the apparatus, and may indicate appropriate action be taken on the equipment before it suffers greater damage. Specific gas and moisture content can be determined from oil sampled for this purpose.
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Section 12, Annex A1.2  
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Section 16  
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Section 17  
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Section 18  
Sample Information  
Section 19  
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Annex A1  
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Appendix X1  
Sample Container Types  
Appendix X2  
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1.1 This test method covers and is intended as a rapid method for the evaluation of the oxidation stability of new mineral insulating oils containing a synthetic oxidation inhibitor. This test is considered of value in checking the oxidation stability of new mineral insulating oils containing 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol or 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, or both, in order to control the continuity of this property from shipment to shipment. The applicability of this procedure for use with inhibited mineral insulating oils of more than 12 cSt at 40 °C (approximately 65 SUS at 100 °F) has not been established.  
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1.2 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent, and low results are obtained for particles larger than several micrometers.2  
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1.4 This test method includes an option for filtering the oil sample for those users who wish to separately determine dissolved metals and particulate metals (and hence, total metals).  
1.5 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional, appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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This specification describes a high fire-point mineral oil based electrical insulating fluid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatuses, such as transformers and switchgear. The material discussed here is miscible with other petroleum based insulating oils, and may not be miscible with electrical insulating liquids of non-petroleum origin. The insulating oils shall be compatible with typical material of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in its application. This specification applies only to new insulating material oil as received prior to any processing. Sampled specimens shall undergo appropriate tests, and shall conform correspondingly to specified physical (appearance upon visual examination, color in ASTM units, fire point, flash point, aniline point, interfacial tension, pour point, relative density, and kinematic viscosity), electrical (dielectric breakdown voltage, gassing tendency, and dissipation factor), and chemical (corrosion behavior against sulfur, inorganic chlorides and sulfates content, acid number, water content, oxidation stability, oxidation inhibitor content, and PCB content) property requirements.
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1.1 This specification describes a less flammable mineral electrical insulating liquid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers and switchgear.  
1.2 Less flammable insulating liquid differs from conventional mineral insulating liquid by possessing a fire-point of at least 300 °C. This property is necessary in order to comply with certain application requirements of the National Electrical Code (Article 450-23) or other agencies. The material discussed in this specification is miscible with other petroleum based insulating liquids. Mixing less flammable liquids with lower fire point hydrocarbon insulating liquids (for example, Specification D3487 mineral liquid) may result in fire points of less than 300 °C.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define a less flammable electrical mineral insulating liquid that is compatible with typical material of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this application. The material described in this specification may not be miscible with electrical insulating liquids of non-petroleum origin. The user should contact the manufacturer of the less flammable insulating liquid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to new electrical insulating liquid as received prior to any processing. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.2 The user should contact the manufacturers of the equipment or liquid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Rerefined Mineral Insulating Liquid Used in Electrical Apparatus

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1.1 This specification covers rerefined previously used mineral insulating liquid of petroleum origin for reuse as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, liquid filled circuit breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment.  
1.2 This specification is intended to define a rerefined mineral insulating liquid that is functionally interchangeable and miscible with existing mineral insulating liquids, is compatible with existing apparatus, and with appropriate field maintenance2 will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristics in its application in electrical equipment. This specification applies only to rerefined mineral insulating liquid as received prior to any processing. Liquids that undergo treatment in-situ are not covered by this specification.  
1.3 Formulated rerefined mineral insulating liquids may contain additives such as inhibitors, passivators, pour point depressants, flow modifiers, gassing tendency modifiers, and other compounds. This specification will address some of these but not all. It is the responsibility of the supplier to disclose information concerning the presence of all known additives and their concentration to the user.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.1 This specification covers less-flammable (high fire point) synthetic ester insulating liquids for use as a dielectric and cooling in new and existing electrical power apparatus including power and distribution transformers, switchgear, and other associated equipment  
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1.3 This specification is intended to define synthetic ester electrical insulating liquids that are compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and are expected to maintain their functional characteristics in these applications. The material described in this specification is not always miscible with other electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the synthetic ester insulating liquid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to unused synthetic ester insulating liquids as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or liquid, or both, if questions of recommended characteristics or liquid maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1524-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 By use of this test method and Test Methods D1500 or D2129 the color and condition of a test specimen of electrical insulating liquid may be estimated during a field inspection, thus assisting in the decision as to whether or not the sample should be sent to a central laboratory for full evaluation. Cloudiness, particles of insulation, products of metal corrosion, or other undesirable suspended materials, as well as any unusual change in color may be detected.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method for visual examination is applicable to electrical insulating liquids that have been used in transformers, oil circuit breakers, or other electrical apparatus as insulating or cooling media, or both.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
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