ASTM B933-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Materials
Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Microindentation hardness testing provides a measure of the hardness of the microstructural constituents of a porous material. It indicates the hardness the material would have if there were no pores present and the material was tested using macroindentation hardness methods.
Microindentation hardness tests allow the evaluation of specific phases, microstructural constituents, and regions or gradients too small for macroindentation hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the microindentation hardness of powder metallurgy (PM) materials. The test method differs from the approach used for pore-free materials in terms of the precautions required to deal with the porosity.
1.2 A method for converting the directly measured indentation lengths to other hardness scales, for example, HRC is described in Appendix X1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B933 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy (PM)
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* the surface of the test material under a known test load. The
microindentation hardness value is calculated from the indent-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the micro-
ing force divided by the projected area of the resulting
indentation hardness of powder metallurgy (PM) materials.
indentation.
The test method differs from the approach used for pore-free
NOTE 1—This test method is designed specifically for use on porous
materials in terms of the precautions required to deal with the
PM materials. It is intended to be a companion to Test Method E384.
porosity.
Therearespecificdifferencesthatareintentional;otherwise,thedetailson
equipment and procedures in Test Method E384 shall be adhered to. The
1.2 Amethod for converting the directly measured indenta-
specific differences relate to the presence of porosity in the PM materials.
tion lengths to other hardness scales, for example, HRC is
Specialprecautionsarerequiredduringsamplepreparationtorevealpores
described in Appendix X1.
and heterogeneous microstructural features so that appropriate test loca-
tions may be selected.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Microindentationhardnesstestingprovidesameasureof
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. the hardness of the microstructural constituents of a porous
material. It indicates the hardness the material would have if
2. Referenced Documents
there were no pores present and the material was tested using
2
macroindentation hardness methods.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
5.2 Microindentation hardness tests allow the evaluation of
E384Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of
specific phases, microstructural constituents, and regions or
Materials
gradients too small for macroindentation hardness testing.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6. Apparatus
6.1 Microindentation Hardness Testing Machine,capableof
3. Terminology
applying the required load, equipped with a Knoop or Vickers
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be
indenter, and provision for measuring the length of the diago-
found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive informa-
nals of the indentation.
tion is available in the Related Materials section of Vol 02.05
6.2 Apparatus requirements are summarized in methodTest
of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
Method E384.
4. Summary of Test Method
7. Reagents and Materials
4.1 Microindentation hardness testing uses a calibrated
7.1 Metallographic Etchants,suitableforthematerialbeing
machine to force a pyramidal-pointed diamond indenter into
tested.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
8. Test Specimen
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
tee B09.05 on Structural Parts.
8.1 Specimen Mounting:
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally
8.1.1 Sample mounting is recommended for convenience in
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B933–04. DOI:
surface preparation, edge retention, and ease of testing. The
10.1520/B0933-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or sample should be supported adequately in the mounting
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
medium.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 8.2 Specimen Preparation:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B933 − 09
8.2.1 Guidelines for grinding and polishing specimens are 9.5 Measure the length of the diagonals of the indentation,
provided in Appendix X2. taking care to avoid backlash by moving only in one direction.
8.2.2 Care should be taken to ensure that the true area For Knoop microindentation hardness, read the length of the
fraction of porosity is revealed throughout the entire cross larger diagonal to 0.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B933–04 Designation: B 933 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy (P/M)(PM)
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemicroindentationhardnessofpowdermetallurgy(P/M)(PM)materials.The
test method differs from the approach used for pore-free materials in terms of the precautions required to deal with the porosity.
1.2 Amethod for converting the directly measured indentation lengths to other hardness scales, for example, HRC is described
in Appendix X1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
E 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (P/M)(PM) terms can be found in Terminology B 243.Additional descriptive information
is available in the Related Materials section of Vol 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Microindentation hardness testing uses a calibrated machine to force a pyramidal-pointed diamond indenter into the surface
of the test material under a known test load. The microindentation hardness value is calculated from the indenting force divided
by the projected area of the resulting indentation.
NOTE 1—This test method is designed specifically for use on porous P/MPM materials. It is intended to be a companion to Test Method E 384. There
are specific differences that are intentional; otherwise, the details on equipment and procedures in Test Method E 384 shall be adhered to. The specific
differences relate to the presence of porosity in the P/MPM materials. Special precautions are required during sample preparation to reveal pores and
heterogeneous microstructural features so that appropriate test locations may be selected.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Microindentation hardness testing provides a measure of the hardness of the microstructural constituents of a porous
material. It indicates the hardness the material would have if there were no pores present and the material was tested using
macroindentation hardness methods.
5.2 Microindentation hardness tests allow the evaluation of specific phases, microstructural constituents, and regions or
gradients too small for macroindentation hardness testing.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Microindentation Hardness Testing Machine, capable of applying the required load, equipped with a Knoop or Vickers
indenter, and provision for measuring the length of the diagonals of the indentation.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.05 on Structural Parts.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B 933–04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B933–09
6.2 Apparatus requirements are summarized in method Test Method E 384.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Metallographic Etchants, suitable for the material being tested.
8. Test Specimen
8.1 Specimen Mounting:
8.1.1 Sample mounting is recommended for convenience in surface preparation, edge retention, and ease of testing.The sample
should be supported adequately in the mounting medium.
8.2 Specimen Preparation:
8.2.1 Guidelines for grinding and po
...
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