ASTM D140-01(2007)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D140 –01(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Bituminous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope these containers with residues, precipitates, or cleaning sol-
vents is ever present. Numerous opportunities also exist for
1.1 This practice applies to the sampling of bituminous
obtaining samples which are not strictly representative of the
materials at points of manufacture, storage, or delivery.
material or are contaminated after removal. Therefore it is
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
incumbent upon the producer, transporter, user, and sampler to
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
exercise continuous precaution in the sampling and handling of
only.
these materials.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Selection of Samples
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Whenever practicable, bituminous materials shall be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sampled at the point of manufacture or storage, and at such
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
time as to allow the tests controlling acceptance or rejection to
2. Referenced Documents be made in advance of shipment.
5.2 When the samples cannot be taken at the point of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
manufacture or storage, they shall be taken from the shipment
D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
immediately upon delivery.
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
6. Size of Samples
3. Significance and Use
6.1 The sample size of liquid materials shall be as follows:
3.1 Sampling is as important as testing, and precautions
6.1.1 For routine laboratory examination, 1 L (1 qt) (emul-
shall be taken to obtain samples to show the true nature and
sions 4 L (1 gal)),
condition of the materials.
6.1.2 From bulk storage, 4 L (1 gal), or
3.2 Samples are taken for either of the following two
6.1.3 From barrels or drums, 1 L (1 qt).
purposes:
6.2 The sample size of semisolid or solid materials shall be
3.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the
as follows:
bulk of the materials sampled, or
6.2.1 From barrels, drums, or cakes, 1 to 2 kg (2 to 3 lb), or
3.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics
6.2.2 From crushed or powdered material in bulk or bags, 1
which the material possesses.
to 2 kg (2 to 3 lb).
4. Precautions
7. Containers
4.1 Because of the numerous types and grades of bitumi-
7.1 Type of Containers:
nous materials that are alternately shipped and stored in the
7.1.1 Containers for liquid bituminous materials, except
same or similar containers, the opportunity for contaminating
emulsions, shall be wide-mouth cans with lined screw caps or
triple-seal friction-top cans.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
7.1.2 Containers for emulsified bituminous materials shall
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 on
be wide-mouth jars or bottles made of plastic, or wide-mouth
Methods of Sampling.
plastic-lined cans with lined screw caps, or plastic-lined
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally
approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 140 – 01.
triple-seal friction-top cans.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1.3 Containers for crushed or powdered bituminous ma-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
terials shall be triple-seal friction-top cans or plastic sacks
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
placed in other containers suitable for handling.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D140 –01 (2007)
7.2 Size of Containers:
7.2.1 The size of the container shall correspond to the
required amount of sample.
8. Protection and Preservation of Samples
8.1 Sample containers shall be new. They shall not be
washed or rinsed, or wiped with an oily cloth. If they contain
evidence of solder flux, or if they are not clean and dry, they
shall not be used. Top and container shall fit together tightly.
8.2 Care shall be taken to prevent the sample from becom-
ing contaminated. Immediately after filling, the container shall
be tightly and positively sealed.
8.3 The filled sample container shall not be submerged in
solvent, nor shall it be wiped with a solvent saturated cloth. If
cleaning is necessary use a clean dry cloth.
8.4 Samples of emulsions shall be protected from freezing
by correct packaging.
NOTE 1—Whensamplingemulsions,careshouldbetakennottosample
material under pressure as such resultant velocities tend to cause air
entrapment which could result in erroneous test results. Any visual
bubbling of the material is one indication air has been entrapped. In
addition, the sampling container should be completely filled to minimize
a skin formation at the air-emulsion interface.
8.5 Samples shall not be transferred from one container to
another except where required by the sampling procedure.
8.6 Immediately after filling, sealing, and cleaning, the
sampling containers shall be properly marked for identification
with a suitable marking pencil on the container itself, not on
FIG. 1 Typical Submerged Sampling Device
thelid.Labelsortagsalsomaybeusedforidentificationifthey
can be securely fastened to the container in such a manner as
to ensure that they will not be lost in transit. Labels or tags
shall not be attached to containers by using the lids to secure
them. All identification materials shall maintain their integrity
at temperatures up to 200°C.
9. Sampling at Place of Manufacture
9.1 Vertical Tanks Not Capable of Being Agitated (Liquid
Materials or Materials Made Liquid by Heating) (800 m
(5000 bbl) or more capacity)—Three sampling methods are
recommended (Note 2):
9.1.1 Sampling-Valve Method—Valves shall be located,
with easy and safe access provided, on the side of the tank with
the first in the top third of the tank, but no higher than1m(3
ft) from the top; the second in the middle third of the tank; and
the third in the bottom third of the tank, but no lower than 1.1
m (3 ft) from the bottom. A recommended design of the
sampling valve is shown in Fig. 1.
9.1.1.1 A minimum of 4 L (1 gal) of the product shall be
drawn from each sample valve and discarded before taking the NOTE 1—This type sampler is lowered into the tank with bottom valve
open (there is no top closure). When the desired depth is reached, the
sample for test, and
lowering chain is given a snap tug which closes the bottom valve. The
9.1.1.2 One to 4 L (1 qt to 1 gal) shall be drawn from each
sampler is then withdrawn from the tank and the contents transferred to
sample valve for test.
the sample container. This sampler may be used for repetitive sampling in
9.1.2 Thief Sampler Method (not suitable for asphalt
the same tank.
cements)—Samplesshallbetakeninthetop,middle,andlower
FIG. 2 Thief Sampler
sections at levels indicated in 9.1.1, of the tank by lowering a
thief sampler into the material. A satisfactory type with
viscous and adhesive character that, after normal emptying of a container
instructions for use is shown in Fig. 2.
by pouring, the container retains enough material to cause significant
NOTE 2—Most bituminous materials in the liquid state are of such contamination of any second samples secured before the container was
D140 –01 (2007)
thoroughly cleaned. The aforementioned properties of bituminous mate-
1-gal) sample may be taken for other tests that may be required
rials also make container cleaning a difficult, tedious, and time-consuming
for determining average characteristics of the material.
task.
9.2 Bulk Storage Tanks (Liquid Materials or Materials
NOTE 3—The thief sampler described in Fig. 2 may be used for
Made Liquid by Heating) Equipped with Mechanical Agitators
repetitive sampling because significant sample contamination by previous
—When the tank is equipped with operating mechanical
contents is avoided by the self-cleaning action provided by the passage of
agitators which, by observation through the sampling or
material through the tube-shaped thief sampler which is open at both ends.
The practice of raising and lowering the sampler 3 or 4 times through a inspection hatch, are performing adequate mixing of the tank
distance of a metre (several feet) at the sampling depth is recommended.
contents, a single sample taken by any of the methods
described in 9.1.1, 9.1.2,or 9.1.3 will be satisfactory to use for
9.1.3 Throw-Away Container Method—Samples shall be
test purposes.
taken at top, middle, and lower levels by lowering into the
material a container in a suitable weigh
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