ASTM D2937-00

Designation:D2937–00
Standard Test Method for
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Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 The standard values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for
1.1 This test method covers the determination of in-place
information purposes only.
density of soil by the drive-cylinder method. The test method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
involves obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil sample by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
driving a thin-walled cylinder and the subsequent activities for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the determination of in-place density. When sampling or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in-place density is required at depth, Test Method D 1587
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
should be used.
1.2 This test method is not appropriate for sampling organic
2. Referenced Documents
soils which can compress upon sampling, very hard natural
2.1 ASTM Standards:
soils and heavily compacted soils which cannot be easily
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
penetrated by the drive sampler, soils of low plasticity which
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Fluids
will not be readily retained in the cylinder, or soils which
D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
contain appreciable amounts of gravel (particles coarser than
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,000 ft-lbf/ft (600
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4.75 mm ( ⁄16 in.)). The presence of particles coarser than 4.75
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kN-m/m))
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mm ( ⁄16 in.) may introduce significant errors in density
D 1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
measurements by causing voids along the wall of the cylinder
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2700
duringdriving,andwhencoarsematerialshavetobedislodged
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kN-m/m))
by the trimming of the sample obtained by the cylinder.
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D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils
1.3 This test method is limited to the procedures necessary
D 2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
for obtaining specimens suitable for determining the in-place
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(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
density and water content of certain soils. The procedures and
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
precautions necessary for selecting locations and obtaining
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for Engineering Practices (Visual-Manual Procedure)
undisturbed samples suitable for laboratory testing or other-
D 3740 Practice for the Evaluation ofAgencies Engaged in
wisedeterminingengineeringpropertiesisbeyondthescopeof
the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
this test method.
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Engineering Design and Construction
1.4 It is common practice in the engineering profession to
D 4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm)
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Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method
and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating Selecting, and Speci-
systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, and
tionalsystem.Itisscientificallyundesirabletocombinetheuse
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Construction Materials Testing
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
D 4944 Test Method for Field Determination of Water
standard. This test method has been written using the gravita-
(Moisture) Content of Soil by the Calcium Carbide Gas
tional system of units when dealing with the inch-pound
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Pressure Tester Method
system. In this system the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force
D 4959 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
(weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording
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Content of Soil by Direct Heating Method
pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft
should not be regarded as nonconformance with this test
3. Terminology
method.
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Ter-
minology D 653.
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
Construction Control Tests.
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Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
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published as D 2937 – 71. Last previous edition D 2937 – 94. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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