ASTM C412M-19

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C412M − 15 C412M − 19
Standard Specification for
Concrete Drain Tile (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C412M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers concrete drain tile with internal diameters from 100 to 900 mm, that are intended to be used for
surface and subsurface drainage.
1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C412.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of drain tile. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of
the product depends upon the proper selection of the class of drain tile, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the
construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of drain tile specified and provide for or
require inspection at the construction site.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Classification
4.1 Drain tile manufactured according to this specification shall be of the following four classes:
4.1.1 Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches of
moderate depths and widths. Standard-Quality concrete drain tile are not recommended for use where internal diameters in excess
of 300 mm are required.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-Reinforced
Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015July 15, 2019. Published October 2015July 2019. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
C412M – 11.C412M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0412M-15.10.1520/C0412M-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C412M − 19
4.1.2 Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches of
considerable depths or widths, or both.
4.1.3 Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in
trenches of large depths or widths, or both.
4.1.4 Special-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land drainage where special precautions are necessary for concrete tile
laid in soils that are markedly acid or contain unusual quantities of sulfates (see Section 7), and where the tile are laid in trenches
of considerable depths or widths, or both.
4.1.4.1 Where the calculated loads are in excess of the crushing strengths prescribed in the physical requirements for
extra-quality and special-quality concrete drain tile, tile strengths must be specified in advance by the owner.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 The acceptability of drain tile shall be determined by (1) the results of the physical tests as specified in Section 8, and in
Test Methods C497M, (2) measurements and inspection to ascertain whether the tile conform to the requirements regarding
dimensions, shape, and freedom from visible defects, and (3) the manufacturer’s certification in writing that the tile have been
made in accordance with any special provisions, such as strength, absorption, permeability, type of cement, admixture, curing
conditions, etc.
5.2 The owner shall specify in writing the class or classes of concrete tile to be supplied, whether Standard-Quality,
Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality. Unless Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality
concrete drain tile have been specified, Standard-Quality drain tile shall be accepted.
6. Materials
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be
portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall
be one of the following:
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash, and slag cement, or
6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirements for
gradation shall not apply.
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are allowable:
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.5 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete pipe
as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed and
manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall be
accepted.
6.6 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
Specification C1602/C1602M.
7. Chemical Requirements
7.1 Acid and Sulfate Resistance:
C412M − 19
7.1.1 The owner is not prohibited from specifying special requirements in order to increase the durability of the drain tile in
cases where the soils, soil waters, or drainage waters are markedly acid or contain moderate or severe quantities of soil sulfates.
Without a specific agreement in advance, no drain tile shall be rejected by reason of its composition as determined later by chemical
analyses.
7.1.1.1 Soils or drainage waters with a pH of 6.0 or lower shall be considered to be markedly acid.
7.1.1.2 Where the sulfates are chiefly sodium or magnesium, singly or in combination, from 400 to 2000 ppm in the soil or
drainage water, samples shall be considered to constitute moderate sulfate quantities, while in excess of 2000 ppm shall be
considered to be severe sulfate quantities.
7.1.2 Concrete drain tile that will be installed in markedly acid soils shall meet the physical requirements given in the table for
Special-Quality concrete drain tile.
7.1.3 Tile that will be exposed to moderate or severe sulfate quantities (Note 2), if required by the owner, shall be specified to
meet the physical requirements for Special-Quality concrete drain tile (8.3.4). Tile that will be exposed to moderate sulfate
quantities (Note 2) if required by the owner, shall be specified to be made with Portland Cement (C150/C150M) containing not
more than 8 % tricalcium aluminate (C3A). Tile that will be exposed to severe sulfate quantities (Note 2) if required by the owner,
shall be specified to be made with Portland Cement (C150/C150M) containing not more than 5 % C3A. If mutually agreed upon
between the manufacturer and owner, other cements, as described in Section 6, that have been proven to be adequately sulfate
resistant shall be used.
8. Physical Requirements
8.1 Test Specimens—The drain tile to be tested shall be selected at random by the owner at the point or points specified in the
order. If agreeable to the owner, the tile shall be inspected and tested in advance of shipment. Any additional expense for making
tests and inspection in advance of shipment, shall be paid by the manufacturer.
8.2 Standard Sample—Each standard physical test shall be made on five individual tile of each size ranging from 100-mm
through 300-mm diameters; two individual tiles of each size ranging from 350-mm through 600-mm diameters; or on one tile of
each size exceeding 600 mm in diameter. The manufacturer shall furnish tile without separate charge up to 0.5 % of each size of
the order. The owner shall pay for all the tile in excess of 0.5 % of each size of the order at the same price as paid for other tile
of the same size and quality.
8.3 External Load Crushing Strength Test Requirements:
8.3.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given in
Table 1, Column A, where no absorption test is required, or the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements
given in Table 1, Column B, where an absorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 1.
8.3.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given in Table
2, Column A, where no absorption test is required, or the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given
in Table 2, Column B, where an absorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 2.
8.3.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements
given in Table 3.
8.3.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given in
Table 4, or the higher specified load.
TABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile
Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile
B
Three-Edge-Bearing Crushing Strength Method A Absorption
Maximum Wall
Internal Designated
Minimum Average, Minimum Average,
Thickness for
Minimum for Maximum for
Diameter, mm
Maximum
A
kN/linear m kN/linear m
Indicated Strength, Individual Tile, Individual Tile,
Average, %
mm
kN/linear m %
A B
100 . . 11.5 10.0 10 11
125 14 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11
125 16 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11
150 16 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11
150 19 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11
200 19 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11
200 22 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11
250 22 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11
250 25 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11
300 25 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11
C
300 29 14.5 11.5 10.0 10 11
A
Maximum wall thickness for the indicated minimum average crushing strength. Column A, when no absorption test is required.
B
Drain tile meeting the above strength requirements are not necessarily safe against cracking in deep and wide trenches.
C
Tile with diameters greater than 300 mm shall meet the requirements specified in Table 2 for Extra-Quality, Table 3 for Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Table 4 for
Special-Quality concrete drain tile.
C412M − 19
TABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile
Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile
B
Three-Edge-Bearing Crushing Strength Method A Absorption
Maximum Wall
Internal Designated
Wall
Thickness for Minimum Average, Minimum Average, Minimum for
Maximum for
Diameter, mm
Thickness,
Maximum
Indicated kN/linear m kN/linear mm Individual Tile,
Individual Tile,
mm
A Average, %
Strength, mm kN/linear m
%
A B
100 13 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10
125 14 14 17.5 16.0 14.5 9 10
125 14 16 19.0 16.0 14.5 9 10
150 16 16 17.5 16.0 14.5 9 10
150 16 19 19.0 16.0 14.5 9 10
200 19 19 17.5 16.0 14.5 9 10
200 19 22 19.0 16.0 14.5 9 10
250 22 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10
300 25 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10
350 29 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10
375 32 . . 16.0 14.5 9 10
400 35 . .
...