ASTM D5059-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Lead and Manganese in Gasoline by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Standard Test Methods for Lead and Manganese in Gasoline by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods determine the concentration of lead (from alkyl addition) in gasoline. These alkyl additives improve the antiknock properties.
4.2 Test Method C is used to ensure compliance of trace lead as required by federal regulations for lead-free gasoline (40 CFR Part 80).
4.3 Test Method D is used to determine the concentration of manganese in aviation gasoline.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of lead and manganese gasoline additives content by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF). These test methods cover the determination of the total lead content of a gasoline within the following concentration ranges:
0.010 g Pb/US gal to 5.0 g Pb/US gal
0.012 g Pb/UK gal to 6.0 g Pb/UK gal
0.0026 g Pb/L to 1.32 g Pb/L and total manganese content of aviation gasoline within the concentration range of 25 mg Mn/L to 250 mg Mn/L.
1.1.1 Test Methods A and B cover the range of 0.10 g Pb/US gal to 5.0 g Pb/US gal. Test Method C covers the range of 0.010 g Pb/US gal to 0.50 g Pb/US gal.
1.1.2 These Methods A, B, and C are applicable to gasoline containing lead additives. These test methods compensate for normal variation in gasoline composition and are independent of lead alkyl type.
1.1.3 Test Method D is applicable to aviation gasoline containing manganese additives.
1.2 Test Method A (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D2599)—Sections 5 – 10.
Test Method B (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D2599)—Sections 11 – 16.
Test Method C (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D3229)—Sections 17 – 23.
Test Method D—Sections 24 – 29.
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the standard. For reporting purposes the values stated in grams per U.S. gallon are the preferred units in the United States. Note that in other countries, other units can be preferred.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 5, 6, 11, and 18.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5059 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Lead and Manganese in Gasoline by X-Ray Fluorescence
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5059; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of lead and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
manganese gasoline additives content by X-Ray Fluorescence
For specific hazard statements, see Sections 5, 6, 11, and 18.
Spectroscopy (XRF). These test methods cover the determina-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
tion of the total lead content of a gasoline within the following
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
concentration ranges:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
0.010 g Pb ⁄US gal to 5.0 g Pb ⁄US gal
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
0.012 g Pb ⁄UK gal to 6.0 g Pb ⁄UK gal
0.0026gPb⁄Lto1.32gPb⁄L mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and total manganese content of aviation gasoline within the
concentration range of 25 mg Mn/L to 250 mg Mn/L.
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.1 Test Methods A and B cover the range of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
0.10 g Pb⁄US galto5.0 g Pb⁄US gal.TestMethodCcoversthe
D3341 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline—Iodine Mono-
range of 0.010 g Pb⁄US gal to 0.50 g Pb⁄US gal.
chloride Method
1.1.2 These MethodsA, B, and C are applicable to gasoline
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
containing lead additives. These test methods compensate for
Petroleum Products
normal variation in gasoline composition and are independent
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
of lead alkyl type.
Petroleum Products
1.1.3 Test Method D is applicable to aviation gasoline
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
containing manganese additives.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
1.2 Test Method A (formerly in withdrawn Test Method
Measurement System Performance
D2599)—Sections5–10.
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petro-
Test Method B (formerly in withdrawn Test Method
leum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing
D2599)—Sections11–16.
Laboratories
3
Test Method C (formerly in withdrawn Test Method
2.2 Federal Standards:
D3229)—Sections17–23.
40 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives
Test Method D—Sections24–29.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the
3.1 There are three alternative test methods for lead in
standard. For reporting purposes the values stated in grams per
gasoline and one method for manganese in aviation gasoline,
U.S. gallon are the preferred units in the United States. Note
as follows.
that in other countries, other units can be preferred.
3.1.1 Test Method A (Bismuth Internal Standard Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
High Concentration)—One volume of sample is mixed thor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
oughly with an equal volume of bismuth internal standard
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D5059 – 20. DOI: Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
10.1520/D5059-21. Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
Initially published as D2599 – 67T and D3229 – 73, now withdrawn. www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5059 − 21
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5059 − 20 D5059 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Lead and Manganese in Gasoline by X-Ray Fluorescence
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5059; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of lead and manganese gasoline additives content by X-Ray Fluorescence
Spectroscopy (XRF). These test methods cover the determination of the total lead content of a gasoline within the following
concentration ranges:
0.010 g Pb ⁄US gal to 5.0 g Pb ⁄US gal
0.012 g Pb ⁄UK gal to 6.0 g Pb ⁄UK gal
0.0026 g Pb ⁄L to 1.32 g Pb ⁄L
and total manganese content of aviation gasoline within the concentration range of 25 mg Mn/L to 250 mg Mn/L.
1.1.1 Test Methods A and B cover the range of 0.10 g Pb ⁄US gal to 5.0 g Pb ⁄US gal. Test Method C covers the range of
0.010 g Pb ⁄US gal to 0.50 g Pb ⁄US gal.
1.1.2 These Methods A, B, and C are applicable to gasoline containing lead additives. These test methods compensate for normal
variation in gasoline composition and are independent of lead alkyl type.
1.1.3 Test Method D is applicable to aviation gasoline containing manganese additives.
1.2 Test Method A (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D2599)—Sections 5 – 10.
Test Method B (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D2599)—Sections 11 – 16.
Test Method C (formerly in withdrawn Test Method D3229)—Sections 17 – 23.
Test Method D—Sections 24 – 29.
1.3 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the standard. For reporting purposes the values stated in grams per U.S. gallon
are the preferred units in the United States. Note that in other countries, other units can be preferred.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 5, 6, 11, and 18.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020April 1, 2021. Published June 2020April 2021. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as
D5059 – 14 (2019).D5059 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D5059-20.10.1520/D5059-21.
Initially published as D2599 – 67T and D3229 – 73, now withdrawn.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5059 − 21
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3341 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline—Iodine Monochloride Method
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
3
2.2 Federal Standards:
40 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 There are three alternative test methods for lead in gasoline and one method for manganese in aviation gasoline, as follows.
3.1.1 Test Method A (Bismuth Internal Standard Method High Concentration)—One volume of sample is mixed thoroughly with
an equal volume of bismuth internal standard solution. The mixture is placed in the X-ray beam and the intensities of the lead L-α
1
radiation at 1.175 Å and the bismuth L-α radiation at 1.144 Å are determined. The lead concentration of the
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