ASTM D8019-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8019 − 15 D8019 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Full Section Flexural Modulus and Bending
Strength of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Crossarms
Assembled with Center Mount Brackets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8019; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flexural modulus and bending strength of both the tangent and deadend arms
bent about their Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite crossarms loaded perpendicular to the plane of minor and major axes.
One method covers testing of assembled tangent crossarms including the tangent bracket and relative hardware. The other method
covers testing of assembled deadend crossarms with a deadend bracket and relative phase loading hardware. The failure modes
and associated stresses can be used for predicting the phase load capacities of pultruded crossarms specific to certain conductor
loading scenarios.scenarios exerted by conductors.
1.2 The test methodsdata described in this standard can be used for predicting the vertical and horizontal component loads of
deadend and tangent arms. Both deadend and tangent crossarms shall be tested in the two configurations described in Figures 1
and 2. 2, respectively. This will permit the manufacturesmanufacturers to publish both vertical and horizontal design capacities for
deadend crossarm configurations so that two way bending stresses, caused by catenary effects, can be considered when developing
the capacity of the deadend crossarms by utility design engineers and manufacturers.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard will not address all factors that affect the phase loading capacity.
1.5 This standard does not address the use of core materials that are added to increase the structural capacity of the crossarms.
Core material Contribution of core materials shall not be considered inwithin the calculations provided in this standard. Use of core
material properties in design computations to identify improvement in design strengths of crossarms is the sole responsibility of
the designee in-charge of the project.
1.6 Torsional effects occurring during standard in service usage are not considered within this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2023. Published January 2016November 2023. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
D8019 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D8019-15.10.1520/D8019-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8019 − 23
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4968 Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2935 Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing Processes
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For terms relating
to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
3.2 Definitions of variables used in the calculations as shown in Section 11 are as follows:
a = distance from phase hardware to the center mount bolt through the crossarm, in. (m),
2 2
A = area of the webs in shear in. [m ],
w
E = flexural modulus, psi (Pa),
4 4
I = moment of inertia about the neutral axis of the crossarm, in. [m ],
L = support span, in. [m],
M = moment at failure, lbf-in [N•m],
P = ultimate or failure load acting through a single center mount bolt, lbf [N],
3 3
S = section modulus about the neutral axis of the crossarm, in. [m ],
x
V = in-plane shear force, lbf [N],
σ = bending stress at failure, psi [Pa],
δ = deflection relative to the applied load, in. [m],
τ = maximum transverse shear stress, psi [Pa],
max
3 3
Q = static moment of area in. [m ],
t = thickness of region or regions under consideration in. [m].
4. Summary of Test Methods Including Deadend and Tangent Crossarm Configurations with Commercial Hardware
Attached
4.1 Deadend Crossarms:
4.1.1 The assembled deadend crossarm, including two phase single sided position hardware and a center mount bracket fabricated
to the specifications as detailed by the manufacturer, is positioned in a three point bend apparatus and loaded until failure occurs.
4.1.2 A center mount bracket or a fabricated test bracket, matching the bolt size and dimensional specifications of the
manufacturersmanufacturer’s commercial bracket, is attached to the arm as detailed by the manufacturer.
4.1.3 A three point bend load is then induced into the cross arm assembly until a structural failure of the hardware or crossarm
occurs.
4.1.3 The bracket is to be loaded or constrained, depending on the load apparatus, such that no eccentric loading occurs.
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volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
D8019 − 23
4.1.4 Load is induced into the crossarm assembly until a structural failure of the hardware or crossarm occurs.
4.1.5 Load and deflection data are to be recorded at set intervals or continuously until failure occurs.
4.2 Tangent Crossarms:
4.2.1 The assembled tangent crossarm, including two phase single sided deadend position hardware and a center mount tangent
bracket fabricated to the specifications as detailed by the manufacturer, is positioned in a three point bend apparatus and loaded
until failure occurs.
4.2.2 A tangent bracket, matching the specifications,specifications of the manufacturersmanufacturer’s commercial bracket, is
attached to the arm as detailed by the manufacturer.manufacturer, and schematically shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
4.2.3 A three point bend load is then induced into the crossarm assembly such that the bracket and phase hardware is loaded until
failure.
4.2.3 The bracket is to be loaded or constrained, depending on the load apparatus, such that the load produces eccentric loading
into the bracket and arm mimicking the tangent connection to a wood, fiberglass, steel or concrete pole.
4.2.4 A load is induced into the crossarm assembly such that the bracket and phase hardware is loaded until failure.
4.2.5 Load and deflection data are to be recorded at set intervals or continuously until failure occurs.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Determination of the flexural modulus, beam bending strength and full assembly strength, by this test method is especially
useful for product validation, design and specification purposes.
5.2 Calculated values for flexural modulus, bending strength and full assembly strength will vary with specimen depth, span
length, hole configurations, loading rate, and ambient test temperature. A minimum span to depth ratio of 16:1 is required for
establishing the flexural modulus. modulus, wherein shear deformation effects are neglected.
5.3 Validity—Stress at failure, σ, is only valid for crossarm failures due to local compression buckling. Other controlling modes
of failure will dictate the ultimate phase loading capacities. For example, in-plane shear, fastener pin bearing, position hardware,
center mount failures and fastener pull out will dictate the failure mode and ultimately the crossarm capacity.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine—A properly installed and operated load actuator, ideally one which can be operated at constant rates of load
or deflection, used in combination with a properly calibrated load cell. Error in the load measuring system shall not exceed 61 %
of the maximum load expected to be measured. The test setup shall also be equipped with deflection measuring devices. The
stiffness of the testing apparatus shall be such that the total elastic deformation of the load frame does not exceed 1 % of the total
deflection of the test specimen during testing, or appropriate corrections shall be made. The accuracy of the testing machine shall
be calibrated and verified in accordance with Practices E4.
6.2 Loading Noses and Supports—The crossarms shall be either loaded through the center mount, or through the phase hardware.
The test fixture shall allow for various lengths of crossarms to be evaluated. The crossarm length range shall be dictated by typical
industry requirements. Spreader bars used throughout the testing shall be doubly symmetric steel sections. The spreader bar shall
be oriented to induce bending about the major axis. Additionally, the spreader bar shall be designed to allow for in-plane movement
parallel to its minor axis.
6.3 Loading Noses and Supports: Deadend Crossarm Loaded Through the Center Mount:
6.3.1 2-Conductor Locations—The manufacturer’s deadend crossarm shall be either loaded through the center mount, or through
the phase hardware. In the event of When loading through the center mount, the manufacturer’s deadend crossarm shall be
assembled with a production center mount bracket or fabricated replica. Load shall be applied through the back of the center mount
D8019 − 23
bracket. The deadend crossarm shall be fully fabricated, representing the finished product, with the phase position deadend
hardware attached. The crossarm test fixture supports shall connect directly to the phase position hardware. Load is applied through
the center mount bracket, into the arm and resisted by the phase loading eye nut hardware representing a two phase single sided
deadend crossarm fabrication. The loading configuration described is shown in Fig. 1.
6.3.2 4-Conductor Locations—For deadend crossarm testing loaded through the phase hardware, and for tangent crossarm testing,
the manufacturer’s center mount shall be mounted to a rigid structure that represents a pole structure in the proper orientation. The
crossarm shall be loaded by pulling on the phase hardware in an appropriate direction for the test method. For tangent crossarm
testing, this would be in an apparent vertical direction. For deadend crossarm testing, this would be in an apparent horizontal
direction. designs with four or more phase hardware positions, a spreader bar shall be used to connect the two outermost phase
hardware positions on each side. The point centered between the two position attachments is then attached to the support. This
configuration is used to determine assembly, strength capacity only, not modulus calculations. The loading configuration described
is shown in Fig. 2.
6.3 Deadend Crossarm Test Set Up—The test fixture shall allow for various lengths of crossarms to be tested. The crossarm length
range shall be dictated by typical industry offerings. The fixture shall permit the loading of the arm in one of two ways: such that
the load is applied through the center mount bracket, into the arm and resisted by the phase loading eyenut hardware representing
a two phase single sided deadend crossarm fabrication, or such that the load is applied through the phase loading eye nut hardware
representing two phase single sided deadend crossarm fabrication, into the arm, and resisted by the secured center mount bracket.
The loading configuration described is shown in Fig. 1.
6.4 Tangent Crossarm Test Set Up—The test fixture shall allow for various lengths of tangent crossarms to be tested. The crossarm
length range shall be dictated by typical industry requirements. The fixture shall permit the tangent bracket to be solidly mounted
to a structural member that represents a pole.
6.4 In absence of specific insulator hardware requirements for application, the tangent crossarm shall be loaded by applying an
apparent vertical force through two eyenuts, hoist rings, or other securing hardware connected to the load apparatus using a
threaded rod or bolt at the appropriate conductor location, in a configuration which represents typical tangent arm usage. The load
path shall propagate from the eyenut or other securing hardware, through the threaded rod or bolt, to washers which span the entire
width of the crossarm. The load shall then be distributed from the washer, through the crossarm, where it is then distributed to the
tangent bracket and into the mount. It is critical that the mount used in the commercial sale of the tangent arm be used in the test,
as the arm strength will be influenced by the hardware or center mount. The loading configuration described is shown in Fig.
2.Crossarms Loaded Through Phase Hardware:
6.4.1 2-Locations—For deadend crossarm tests loaded through the phase hardware, and for tangent crossarm testing, the
manufacturer’s center mount shall be mounted to a rigid structure that represents a pole structure in the proper orientation. The
crossarm shall be loaded by pulling on the phase hardware in an appropriate direction for the crossarm configuration. For tangent
crossarm testing, this would be in an apparent vertical direction. For deadend crossarm testing, this would be in an apparent
horizontal direction. The load shall be applied through the two outermost phase hardware positions on each side of the center
mount bracket and into the arm, resisted by the secured center mount bracket. In absence of specific insulator hardware
requirements for application, the crossarm shall be loaded by applying force through two eye nuts, hoist rings, or other securing
hardware connected to the load apparatus using a threaded rod or bolt at the appropriate conductor location. The load path shall
FIG. 1 Three-Point Bend Dead End Crossarm Test Set UpTest Set Up—2 Phase Deadend Loaded Through the Center Mount
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FIG. 2 Three-Point Bend Tangent Crossarm TestTest Set Up—4 Phase Deadend Loaded Through the Center Mount
propagate from the eye nut or other securing hardware, through the threaded rod or bolt, to washers which span the entire width
of the crossarm. The load shall be distributed from the washer, through the crossarm, where it is then distributed to the center
bracket and into the support fixture. It is critical that the mount used in the commercial sale of the crossarm be used in the test,
as the arm strength will be influenced by the hardware or center mount. The loading configuration described is shown in Fig. 3.
NOTE 2—This configuration can also be used for non-primary loading direction tests, vertical for deadends and horizontal for tangents. The secondary
attachment through-hole shall be perpendicular to the primary direction.
6.4.2 4-
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