ASTM E2975-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
Standard Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate or verify calibration of a rotational viscometer with coaxial spindle geometries.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or calibration verification of rotational viscometers in which the rotational element is immersed in a Newtonian reference material under ambient temperature conditions. The method is applicable to rotational-type viscometers where a constant rotational speed results in a measured torque generated by the test specimen, and to Stormer viscometers where a constant applied torque results in a measured rotational speed. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers.
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian reference materials using experimental conditions such as temperature, viscosity range, and shear rate (rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E2975 −16
Standard Test Method for
Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder
1
Rotational Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Rotational viscometers have been commonly used for viscosity measurements since the first decade
of the twentieth century. After more than one hundred years, there have been many ease-of-use,
instrumentation, and data analysis improvements in these instruments. The initial constant torque
apparatus gave way to the more popular constant speed apparatus. Spindles became available supplied
with calibration constants. Computerization led to factory calibration and automatic viscosity
calculation. Even with these improvements, however, apparatus of the very earliest design is still
commonly used throughout the world.This standard seeks to provide users with the ability to calibrate
or verify calibration of rotational viscosity apparatus in their own laboratory.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or calibration
verification of rotational viscometers in which the rotational
2. Referenced Documents
element is immersed in a Newtonian reference material under
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ambient temperature conditions. The method is applicable to
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
rotational-type viscometers where a constant rotational speed
ology
results in a measured torque generated by the test specimen,
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
and to Stormer viscometers where a constant applied torque
E1970 PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
results in a measured rotational speed. It is not intended for
Data
cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers.
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian refer-
3. Terminology
ence materials using experimental conditions such as
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
temperature, viscosity range, and shear rate (rotational speed),
method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142
as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test
including Newtonian, non-Newtonian, stress, strain,
specimens.
viscometer, viscometry, and viscosity.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.1 viscometer, Stormer, n—a rotational viscometer where
conversions that are provided for information only and are not
a constant torque is applied to a spindle and a resultant
considered standard.
rotational speed is measured.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the
SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Acylindrical spindle is rotated in a Newtonian reference
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fluid contained in a mating cylindrical container at a known (or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measured) speed at a defined temperature. The viscous drag
experienced by the immersed element is measured (or known)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on Thermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheol-
2
ogy. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E2975 – 15. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2975-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2975−16
NOTE 2—It is convenient to have a mark on the shaft to indicate the
as torque. Viscosity is proportional to the torque and inversely
fluid level of the test specimen appropriate for the measurement.
proportional to the shear rate (see Eq 1). A number of proxies
exist for torque and shear rate. For torque, proxies include, but
6.1.3 Acylindrical rotational element, spindle, bob, or tool,
are not limited to, mass (accelerated by gravity op
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2975 − 15 E2975 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder
1
Rotational Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Rotational viscometers have been commonly used for viscosity measurements since the first decade
of the twentieth century. After more than one hundred years, there have been many ease-of-use,
instrumentation, and data analysis improvements in these instruments. The initial constant torque
apparatus gave way to the more popular constant speed apparatus. Spindles became available supplied
with calibration constants. Computerization led to factory calibration and automatic viscosity
calculation. Even with these improvements, however, apparatus of the very earliest design is still
commonly used throughout the world. This standard seeks to provide users with the ability to calibrate
or verify calibration of rotational viscosity apparatus in their own laboratory.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the calibration (or performance validation)or calibration verification of rotational viscometers in
which the rotational element is immersed in the test fluid a Newtonian reference material under ambient temperature conditions.
The method is applicable to rotational-type viscometers where a constant rotational speed results in a measured torque generated
by the test specimen, and to Stormer viscometers where a constant applied torque results in a measured rotational speed. It is not
intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers.
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian reference materials using experimental conditions,conditions such as
temperature, viscosity range, and shear rate (rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test
specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1970 Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142 including
Newtonian, non-Newtonian, stress, strain, viscometer, viscometry, and viscosity.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheology.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2016. Published October 2015January 2017. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 as
E2975 – 14.15. DOI: 10.1520/E2975-15.10.1520/E2975-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2975 − 16
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent viscosity (η), viscometer, Stormer, n—viscosity determined by this test method.a rotational viscometer where a
constant torque is applied to a spindle and a resultant rotational speed is measured.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Because the velocity gradient in this test method may not be the same at all points of the rotational element for non-Newtonian
fluids, the result determined may not be the true viscosity. Therefore, the vi
...
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