ASTM D198-99

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 198 – 99
Standard Test Methods of
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Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous evaluations of structural members of solid sawn lumber have been conducted in
accordance with ASTM Test Methods D 198 – 27. While the importance of continued use of a
satisfactory standard should not be underestimated, the original standard (1927) was designed
primarily for sawn material such as solid wood bridge stringers and joists. With the advent of
laminated timbers, wood-plywood composite members, and even reinforced and prestressed timbers,
a procedure adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members is required.
The present standard expands the original standard to permit its application to wood members of all
types. It provides methods of evaluation under loadings other than flexure in recognition of the
increasing need for improved knowledge of properties under such loadings as tension to reflect the
increasing use of dimensions lumber in the lower chords of trusses. The standard establishes practices
that will permit correlation of results from different sources through the use of a uniform procedure.
Provision is made for varying the procedure to take account of special problems.
1. Scope D 1165 Nomenclature of Domestic Hardwoods and Soft-
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woods
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber in
D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
structural size by various testing procedures.
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Wood-Base Materials
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
D 4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
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ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
Sections
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E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Flexure 4 to 11
Compression (Short Column) 12 to 19
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
Compression (Long Member) 20 to 27
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ing
Tension 28 to 35
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
Torsion 36 to 43
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Shear Modulus 44 to 51
someters
3. Terminology
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E 6, Terminology D 9,
procedures are given in Table X1.1.
and Nomenclature D 1165. A few related terms not covered in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
these standards are as follows:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 span—the total distance between reactions on which a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
beam is supported to accommodate a transverse load (Fig. 1).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 shear span—two times the distance between a reac-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion and the nearest load point for a symmetrically loaded beam
2. Referenced Documents
(Fig. 1).
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.3 depth of beam—that dimension of the beam which is
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perpendicular to the span and parallel to the direction in which
D 9 Terminology Relating to Wood
the load is applied (Fig. 1).
3.1.4 span-depth ratio—the numerical ratio of total span
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divided by beam depth.
These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on Wood
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test
3.1.5 shear span-depth ratio—the numerical ratio of shear
Methods and Properties.
span divided by beam depth.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published April 2000. Originally
published as D 198 – 24. Last previous edition D 198 – 98.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 198
FIG. 1 Flexure Method
3.1.6 structural wood beam—solid wood, laminated wood, 6.1.6 Data on the effects of chemical or environmental
or composite structural members for which strength or stiff- conditions on mechanical properties.
ness, or both are primary criteria for the intended application
6.1.7 Data on effects of fabrication variables such as depth,
and which usually are used in full length and in cross-sectional
taper, notches, or type of end joint in laminations.
sizes greater than nominal 2 by 2 in. (38 by 38 mm).
6.1.8 Data on relationships between mecha
...