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ASTM D13-97

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Spirits of Turpentine

Standard Specification for Spirits of Turpentine

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the following kinds of spirits of turpentine as defined by the Naval Stores Act and Terminology D 804: gum spirits of turpentine, steam-distilled wood turpentine, sulfate wood turpentine, and destructively-distilled wood turpentine.  
1.2 The purchaser should specify the kind of spirits of turpentine desired.
1.3 This specification is no longer widely used as it only specifies physical characteristics and not chemical composition. This specification was developed when the chief use for turpentine was as a solvent. Currently, especially in the United States, only a very limited quantity of turpentine is used as a solvent. Its main end use is as a raw material for the preparation of polyterpene type resins and synthetic organic chemicals. In spite of its limited application as a solvent, and hence the limited use of this specification, it is considered to be important to retain this specification. When information is required on chemical composition, gas chromatography is the recommended procedure (see Test Method D3009 ).

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1996
ICS
87.060.30 - Solvents
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D13-02 - Standard Specification for Spirits of Turpentine (Withdrawn 2007)
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Referred By
ASTM D543-21 - Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
Effective Date
01-Jan-1997
Referred By
ASTM D268-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
Effective Date
01-Jan-1997
Referred By
ASTM D6387-19 - Standard Test Methods for Composition of Turpentine and Related Terpene Products by Capillary Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jan-1997
Referred By
ASTM D267-82(2020) - Standard Specification for Gold Bronze Powder
Effective Date
01-Jan-1997

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ASTM D13-97 - Standard Specification for Spirits of TurpentineASTM D13-97 - Standard Specification for Spirits of Turpentine
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ASTM D13-97 - Standard Specification for Spirits of Turpentine
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 13 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Spirits of Turpentine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 13; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standard:
Naval Stores Act of 1923 (42 Stat 1435.7 U.S.C.-91-99) as
1.1 This specification covers the following kinds of spirits
amended in 1951
of turpentine as defined by the Naval Stores Act and Termi-
nology D 804 : gum spirits of turpentine, steam-distilled wood
3. Properties
turpentine, sulfate wood turpentine, and destructively-distilled
3.1 Spirits of turpentine shall be pure and shall conform to
wood turpentine.
the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
1.2 The purchaser should specify the kind of spirits of
turpentine desired.
4. Appearance
1.3 This specification is no longer widely used as it only
4.1 Spirits of turpentine shall be clear and free from
specifies physical characteristics and not chemical composi-
suspended matter and water.
tion. This specification was developed when the chief use for
turpentine was as a solvent. Currently, especially in the United
5. Color
States, only a very limited quantity of turpentine is used as a
5.1 The color shall be “standard” or better.
solvent. Its main end use is as a raw material for the
preparation of polyterpene type resins and synthetic organic
6. Odor
chemicals. In spite of its limited application as a solvent, and
6.1 The odor shall be characteristic of the kind of spirits of
hence the limited use of this specification, it is considered to be
turpentine specified. If desired, deliveries shall conform to the
important to retain this specification. When information is
odor of the sample agreed upon between the purchaser and the
required on chemical composition, gas chromatography is the
seller.
recommended procedure (see Test Method D 3009 ).
7. Test Methods
2. Referenced Documents
7.1 The mat
...

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3.1 The test procedures described in this standard were developed when the chief use for turpentine was as a solvent. Currently however, the chief use for turpentine (and pinenes) is as raw materials for the production of resins and synthetic organic chemicals. Thus the chemical composition of turpentines and pinenes is extremely important and tests, in addition to the ones described in these test methods, are required in order to fully characterize turpentines and pinenes. The most widely used technique for determining the chemical composition of turpentines (and pinenes) is gas chromatography (see Test Methods D6387).
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing turpentine, as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations and Terminology D804. These test methods are also used for the sampling and testing of pinenes, the major components of most turpentines.  
1.2 These test methods primarily measure the physical rather than the chemical properties of turpentines and pinenes. As turpentines and pinenes are currently used chiefly as chemical raw materials for the production of resins and synthetic organic chemicals, chemical composition is also very important. Consequently, testing the chemical composition of turpentines and pinenes by gas chromatography has displaced these test methods to a large extent. (See for example Test Methods D6387.)  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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3.1 The testing procedures described in these test methods have been in use for many years and emphasize the physical properties rather than the chemical composition of dipentene. These procedures were sufficient when dipentene was used primarily as a solvent. Currently, however, dipentene finds application as a chemical raw material and a knowledge of its chemical composition is therefore important. Test Methods D6387 describe a capillary gas chromatography method which is suitable for determining both the major and minor components found in dipentene.
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing dipentene and related terpene solvents, consisting chiefly of monocyclic terpene hydrocarbons distilling above the range for turpentine.  
1.2 The procedures given in these test methods appear in the following order:    
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Standard Test Method for Acetone, Methyl Acetate, and Parachlorobenzotrifluoride Content of Paints, and Coatings by Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography

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5.1 In order to calculate the volatile organic content (VOC) of paints containing EPA exempt solvents, it is necessary to know the acetone, methyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride content. This gas chromatographic test method provides a simple and direct way for measuring these solvents. Each analyte is measured with respect to a unique internal standard. For acetone, the internal standard used is acetone-d6, for methyl acetate it is methyl acetate-d3, and for PCBTF it is metachlorobenzotrifluoride (MCBTF). These unique analyte/internal standard pairs behave very nearly as single solvents with respect to evaporation rate and adsorption rate onto a coated silica fiber (SPME) but are separable on a gas chromatograph (GC) capillary column. The only critical analytical technique required for successfully performing this test method is the ability of an analyst to weigh a paint sample and internal standard, corresponding to the analyte of interest, into a septum capped vial. After weighing, solvent evaporation has no effect on the final value of the determination. Since whole paint is not injected into the gas chromatograph, the analytical system is never compromised.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of acetone, methyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF), or combination of any of the three, in paints and coatings, by solid phase microextraction (SPME) headspace sampling, and subsequent injection into a gas chromatograph. It has been evaluated for cellulose nitrate, acrylic, and urethane solvent-borne systems. The established working range of this test method is: acetone, 28 to 90 %; methyl acetate, 12 to 22 %; parachlorobenzotrifluoride, 10 to 17 %. There is no reason to believe that it will not work outside these ranges. A minor modification of this test method would make it suitable for the analysis of the same analytes in water-borne coatings (see Note 1).
Note 1: Water-borne paints are internally standardized and diluted with water followed by addition of solid sodium chloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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