ASTM F2414-04(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2414 − 04 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Practice for
Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical Grouting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.1 acrylamide—organic solid of white, odorless, acrylic
resinous material available in flake-like crystals and in liquid
1.1 This practice covers proposed selection of materials,
form. The greatest use of acrylamide is as a coagulant aid in
installation techniques, and inspection required for sealing
drinking water treatment. Other major uses of acrylamide are
manholes using chemical grout. Manholes or sections of
in soil stabilization, in grout for repairing sewers and in
manholes with active leaks shall be repaired. Manholes to be
acrylamide gels used in biotechnology laboratories.
grouted are of brick, block, cast-in-place concrete, precast
concrete, or fiberglass construction. Manholes or sections of
2.1.2 acrylate—a general term applied to various water-
manholes with active leaks will be designated by the engineer,
soluble acrylic resinous materials.
owner’s representative, or authorized inspector, for manhole
2.1.3 authorized inspector—the person(s) contracted or ap-
grouting.
proved by the owner or owner’s representative to do inspec-
1.2 The contractor shall be responsible for furnishing all
tions.
labor, supervision, materials, equipment, and inspection
2.1.4 catalyst—substance which markedly speeds up the
follow-up required for the completion of chemical grouting of
cure of an adhesive when added in small quantities as
manhole defects in accordance with the contract documents.
compared to the amounts of primary reactants.
1.3 Materials, additives, mixture ratios, and procedures
2.1.5 chemical grout—injection repair media other than
utilized for the grouting process shall be in accordance with
cementitious grout that may be multi-component, with or
manufacturer’s recommendations and shall be appropriate for
without additives, and based on either polyurethane resin or
the application.
acrylic resin.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.1.6 control agent—substance added which controls the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
viscosity or flow properties of the material it is added to.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
2.1.7 engineer—an engineer registered in the state where
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the work is to be done who has been contracted by or is acting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
on behalf of the owner or the owner’s representative.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.1.8 exfiltration—leaking or weeping to the external areas
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
outside the barrier from a source inside the barrier.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.1.9 expanded gasket procedure (EGP)—the sealing of
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- joints, cracks, or holes by soaking dry, oil-free oakum with
chemical grout and forcing the oakum/resin plug into the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
opening until it sets.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.1.10 hydrophilic grout—hydrophilic grout will absorb and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
react with the water it comes into contact with.
2. Terminology 2.1.11 hydrophobic grout—hydrophobic grout will repel
water and push it away.
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.12 manhole—vertical shafts that intersect with sewers to
allow transitions in alignment and grade and to allow entry for
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology
cleaning, inspection, and maintenance.
and Underground Utilitiesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20
on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
2.1.13 oakum—loose hemp or jute fiber, sometimes treated
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally
with resin or grout, used chiefly for caulking seams in
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2414 – 04 (2016).
DOI: 10.1520/F2414-04R23. structures and boats as well as packing pipe joints.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2414 − 04 (2023)
2.1.14 owner’s representative—the individual who has been 4.2.5 Sealing material shall not be rigid or brittle when
contracted to act on behalf of the owner for project planning subjected to dry atmosphere. Use consideration when selecting
and supervision. materials for freeze/thaw and moving load conditions. The
engineer is to specify which chemical grout type can or cannot
2.1.15 polyurethane resin—any of various polymer resins
be exposed to dry atmosphere and which types must be
containing the urethane radical; a wide variety of synthetic
installed into soils or wet conditions only, based on the
forms are made and used as adhesives, plastics, foams, paints,
chemical grout properties and recommended applications.
or rubber-like materials.
4.2.6 The sealing material shall be non-corrosive.
2.1.16 RCP—reinforced concrete pipe.
4.2.7 Careful consideration of current or potential wet-dry
2.1.17 rehabilitated manhole—a manhole restored to its
cycles, ground pressures, and thermal conditions and applica-
intended capacity or use per the specifications.
tion requirements must be thoroughly reviewed by the contrac-
tor or engineer when choosing or approving the appropriate
2.1.18 repaired or sealed manhole—a manhole that has
type of chemical grout.
been sealed from detected infiltration or exfiltrations, but not
4.2.8 Careful consideration of water type (storm water
necessarily restored to its original designed capacity.
versus waste water) is to be considered when choosing or
2.1.19 sewer—waste water sewer or storm drain sewer.
approving the appropriate type of materials.
4.3 Additives—The chemical grout must be applied so as to
3. Significance and Use
have the grout material flow freely into the defects. To avoid
3.1 This practice is used as a guide for the installation of
any wasting of the material flowing through the defects gel
chemical grout in the practice of sealing sewer manholes from
control agent may be added. Grout additions may also be used
leaks, cracks, and around penetrations. It is attended to assist
for catalyzing the reaction, inhibiting the reaction, buffering the
sewer owners and engineer, owner’s representative, or autho-
solution, lowering the freezing temperature of the solution,
rized inspectors for installation method specification and for
acting as filler, providing strength, or inhibition of root growth.
contractors to refer to during installations of chemical grout for
4.3.1 Additives must not alter other intended final properties
manhole sealing.
and characteristics of the original material other than the
properties targeted for improvement.
4. Materials
4.4 Material Identification—The contractor shall com-
4.1 Grouting Materials—Chemical grout sealing material:
pletely identify the types of grout, sealant, root control
4.1.1 Acrylamide base gel,
chemicals, or any combination thereof, used and provide case
4.1.2 Acrylic base gel,
histories of successful use or defend the choice of grouting
4.1.3 Hydrophilic polyurethane foam or gel,
materials based on chemical and tested physical properties,
4.1.4 Hydrophobic polyurethane foam or gel, and
ease of application, and expected performance to the satisfac-
4.1.5 Oil-free, oakum-soaked polyurethane resin.
tion of the engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized
inspector. The grout materials’ Technical Data Sheets, Material
4.2 Grouting Materials Characteristics—Specific character-
istics that pertain to the application requirements are to be Safety Data Sheets, and the manufacturer’s application instruc-
defined and approved by the owner’s representative or project tions are to be submitted for approval by the engineer, owner’s
engineer of record. The following general characteristics or representative, or authorized inspector.
properties shall be exhibited by the chemical grout:
4.5 Mixing and Handling:
4.2.1 The chemical grout shall have documented service of
4.5.1 Hazards—Mixing and handling of chemical grout,
satisfactory performance in similar usage and should have a
which may be toxic under certain conditions, shall be in
manufacturer’s written guarantee of performance for the appli-
accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer and
cation of sewer manhole sealing under intended conditions and
in such a manner as to minimize hazard to personnel. It is the
when installed per the manufacturer’s instructions.
responsibility of the contra
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