ASTM D6111-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific gravity or density of a solid is a property that can be measured conveniently to follow physical changes in a sample, to indicate degree of uniformity among different sampling units or specimens, or to indicate the average density of a large item.
5.2 It is possible that variations in density of a particular plastic lumber or shapes specimen will be due to changes in crystallinity, loss of plasticizer/solvent content, differences in degree of foaming, or to other causes. It is possible that portions of a sample will differ in density because of difference in crystallinity, thermal history, porosity, and composition (types or proportions of resin, plasticizer, pigment, or filler).Note 2—Reference is made to Test Method D1622.
5.3 Density is useful for calculating strength to weight and cost to weight ratios.
5.4 If the cross-sectional area of the specimen is required for future testing on a particular sample, it is acceptable to determine it from a specific gravity measurement, see Eq 5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density and specific gravity of plastic lumber and shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the bulk specific gravity or bulk density by immersion of the entire item or a representative cross section in water. This test method involves the weighing of a one piece specimen in water, using a sinker with plastics that are lighter than water. This test method is suitable for products that are wet by, but otherwise not affected by water for the duration of the test.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, this test method would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
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Designation:D6111 −13
StandardTest Method for
Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and
1
Shapes by Displacement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
Plastics
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
density and specific gravity of plastic lumber and shapes in
D5033 GuideforDevelopmentofASTMStandardsRelating
their “as manufactured” form.As such, this is a test method for
to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn
evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a
3
2007)
product and not a material property test method.
D6108 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Plastic
1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the bulk
Lumber and Shapes
specific gravity or bulk density by immersion of the entire item
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
or a representative cross section in water. This test method
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
involves the weighing of a one piece specimen in water, using 3
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
a sinker with plastics that are lighter than water. This test
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
method is suitable for products that are wet by, but otherwise
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
not affected by water for the duration of the test.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made 3. Terminology
predominately from recycled plastics. However, this test
3.1 Definitions:
method would also be applicable to similar manufactured
3.1.1 density, bulk—theweightperunitvolumeofamaterial
plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is
including voids inherent in material as tested. (Terminology
non-homogeneous in the cross-section.
D883)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Specific gravity at 23/23°C can be
standard. 3
converted to density 23°C, g/cm , as follows:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
23C 3
D , g/cm 5 sp gr 23/23°C 30.9976 (1)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product made pri-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
marily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
as a building material for purposes similar to those of tradi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tional lumber, which is usually rectangular in cross-section.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
(Terminology D883)
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Plastic lumber is typically supplied in
2. Referenced Documents
sizes similar to those of traditional lumber board, timber and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dimension lumber; however the tolerances for plastic lumber
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
and for traditional lumber are not necessarily the same.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
(Terminology D883)
3.1.3 plastic shape, n—a manufactured product composed
1
of more than 50 weight percent resin, and in which the product
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber (Section
generally is not rectangular in cross-section, may be filled or
D20.20.01).
unfilled, and may be composed of single or multiple resin
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
blends.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6111 - 09. DOI:
10.1520/D6111-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6111−13
3.1.4 resin, n—a solid or pseudosolid organic material often racy within 0.05 % relative (that is 0.05 % of the weight of the
of high molecular weight, which exhibits a tendency to flow specimen in air), and equipped with a means of support for the
wh
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6111 − 09 D6111 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and
1
Shapes by Displacement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density and specific gravity of plastic lumber and shapes in their “as
manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not
a material property test method.
1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the bulk specific gravity or bulk density by immersion of the entire item or a
representative cross section in water. This test method involves the weighing of a one piece specimen in water, using a sinker with
plastics that are lighter than water. This test method is suitable for products that are wet by, but otherwise not affected by water
for the duration of the test.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, this test method would
also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the
cross-section.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
3
D5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn 2007)
D6108 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density, bulk—the weight per unit volume of a material including voids inherent in material as tested. (See Terminology
(Terminology D883.))
3
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Specific gravity at 23/23°C can be converted to density 23°C, g/cm , as follows:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber (Section
D20.20.01).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009June 1, 2013. Published September 2009June 2013. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D6111 - 03.D6111 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/D6111-09.10.1520/D6111-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6111 − 13
23C 3
D , g/cm 5 sp gr 23/23°C30.9976 (1)
3.1.2 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product composed of more than 50 weight percent resin, and in which the product
generally is rectangular in cross-section and typically supplied in board and dimensional lumber sizes, may bemade primarily from
plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used as a building material for purposes similar to those of traditional lumber, which
is usually rectangular in cross-section. (Terminology D883filled or unfilled, and may be composed of single or multiple resin
blends.)
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Plastic lumber is typically supplied in sizes similar to those of traditional lumber board, ti
...
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