ASTM D5418-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using a very small amount of material. Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be representative of the material being tested. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphic representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under specified conditions.
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.
5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:
5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or both,
5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemical structure,
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance,
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. In particular, this method identifies the procedures used to measure properties using what is known as a dual-cantilever beam flexure arrangement. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, and complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material systems.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.
1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5418 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual
1
Cantilever Beam)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and com-
2. Referenced Documents
posite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
modulus data generated is used to identify the thermomechani-
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
cal properties of a plastics material or composition.
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for
ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
plastics using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as
Properties
outlined in Practice D4065. In particular, this method identifies
D5279 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Prop-
the procedures used to measure properties using what is known
erties: In Torsion
as a dual-cantilever beam flexure arrangement. Plots of the
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, and complex
modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or
3. Terminology
temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material sys-
Standard D4092 and Terminology D883 unless otherwise
tems.
specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and other
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,
associated statistical issues, the terms used in this standard are
typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.
defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and
4. Summary of Test Method
appropriate for use in engineering design.
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the elastic
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
modulus of plastics using dynamic mechanical techniques. A
standard.
bar of rectangular cross section is tested as a beam in dynamic
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
linear displacement or bending. The dual-cantilever beam
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen is gripped between two clamps. The specimen of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
known geometry is placed in mechanical linear displacement,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with the displacement strain or deformation applied at the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
center of the dual-cantilever beam. The forced-strain displace-
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. ment is at either a fixed frequency or variable frequencies, and
at either isothermal conditions or with a linear temperature
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
variation. The elastic or loss modulus, or both, of the polymeric
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3
material system are measured in flexure.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5418 - 15. DOI: The particular method for measurement of the elastic and loss moduli and tan
10.1520/D5418-23. delta depends upon the individual instrument’s operating principles.
*A
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5418 − 15 D5418 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual
1
Cantilever Beam)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut
from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated may be is used to identify the thermomechanical
properties of a plastics material or composition.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics using
nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. In particular, this method identifies the procedures used
to measure properties using what is known as a dual-cantilever beam flexure arrangement. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus,
loss (viscous) modulus, and complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of
significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material systems.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.010.01 Hz to 100 Hz.
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from
results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described
in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.
1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2023. Published July 2015November 2023. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20072015 as
D5418 - 07.D5418 - 15. DOI: 10.1520/D5418-15.10.1520/D5418-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5418 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
D5279 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Torsion
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions applicable to this practice see Terminology Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance Standard
D4092 and Terminology D883 unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and other associated statistical
issues, the terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the elastic modulus of plastics using dynamic mechanical techniques. A bar of
rectangular cross section is tested as a beam in dynamic linear displacement or bending. The dual-cantilever beam specimen is
gripped between t
...
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