ASTM D6197-99(2005)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D6197–99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Classifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in Electronic
Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 yarn fault, n—in textile strands, a change in thickness
sufficient to be visible to the normal human eye.
1.1 This test method covers the classifying and counting of
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In this test method, a visible change in
faults in spun yarns using capacitance testers.
thickness, such as an abnormal thick or thin place in the yarn
1.1.1 Protruding fibers or yarn hairiness, or both, are not
resulting in a large change in yarn diameter or any foreign
determined as part of this method.
matter affixed to or spun into the yarn, such as a nep, is
NOTE 1—For measuring protruding fibers or hairiness, or both, refer to
considered to be a fault. Thick faults are reported as either
Guide D5647.
major or minor depending on the combination of length and
1.2 This test method provides for grading yarns by fault
diameter. The most accepted criterion for major faults (infre-
level and type.
quent thick places) is 250 to 400 % larger than yarn diameter
1.3 This test method is applicable to all single or plied spun
and 20 to 40- mm (0.8 to 1.5-in.) long . The minor faults
yarns from natural or manufactured fibers or blends of each.
(frequent thick places) are 100 to 150 % larger than yarn
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
diameter and 1.0 to 40-mm (0.04 to 1.5- in.) long . The thin
standard; the values in inch-pound units are provided as
place classes are arranged and considered separately. The
information only and are not exact equivalents.
criteria for thin places may vary with manufacturers, but will
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
generally fall in the category of less than 30 % of diameter and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
greater in length than 10 mm.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 yarn fault count, n—the number of faults per specified
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
length of product.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
method, refer to Terminology D123.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.1 A specimen is passed through the sensing device of a
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
classifying instrument at a constant speed. The electronic
D5647 Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the
counting instrument records the faults and classifies them
Photo-Electric Apparatus
according to their length and relative diameter. The faults for
the most part are in the form of thick places, thin places and
3. Terminology
neps in yarns spun on various spinning systems.
3.1 Definitions:
5. Significance and Use
3.1.1 spun yarn, n—in a staple system, a continuous strand
of fibers held together by some binding mechanism.
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
tance testing of commercial shipments of spun yarns by
agreement between purchaser and supplier.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles 5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods,
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
General.
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D6197–99. DOI:
10.1520/D6197-99R05.
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mensthatareashomogenousaspossibleandthatarefromalot
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D6197–99 (2005)
of material of the type in question. The test specimens should 9. Procedure
then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory
9.1 Calibrate the testing instrument as prescribed by the
for testing.The average result from the two laboratories should
instrument manufacturer.
be compared using statistical analysis and a probability level
9.2 Make proper selections for material value, yarn number,
chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias
and the coding plug, if one is used. Review the tables provided
is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
by manufacturer for further details.
purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test
9.3 Set the take-up mechanism to the speed of travel
results with consideration to the known bias.
recommended by the tester’s manufacturer. If a nonstandard
5.2 Yarn faults are a factor in determining yarn and fabric
set-up is used it should be reported.
quality.
9.3.1 Verify that control unit speed selection is set to the
same speed as the take-up mechanism.
6. Apparatus
9.4 Checkthepackagetoensurethatnoshippingmaterialor
other contaminant is present and that no damage is apparent on
6.1 Electronic Measuring Device—Acapacitance or optical
the package. If contaminants or damage are detected, select
unit with guide alignment of the yarn in a straight path through
another package for testing.
the measuring zone.
NOTE 3—Do not separate the length of yarn from the packages prior to
6.2 Control Unit—A device that supplies the signal to
testing.
operate the measuring device and, also in return, receives the
registration signal from the measuring device, stores the
9.5 Mount the package on a suitable holder. Thread the free
informationreceived,respondstothisinformationaccordingto
end of the yarn directly from the package through the instru-
a predetermined setup, and outputs computed data at the end of
ment.
the test.
9.6 Start the take-up mechanism of the tester.
9.7 Test the total predetermined yarn length, that may
6.3 Winder—A power driven take-up device equipped with
a winding drum of uniform diameter and capable of operating require more than one package.
at constant take-up speed. 9.8 Follow the tester instruction manual f
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