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ASTM F1280-14

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Impermeable Surfaces

Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Impermeable Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
4.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of surface washing agents to assist in the cleanup of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 In making surface washing agent use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.3 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of chemical surface washing agents is considered.  
1.4 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual surface washing agents or between different oil products are not considered.  
1.5 This guide applies only to impermeable surfaces.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2014
ICS
13.020.40 - Pollution, pollution control and conservation
Technical Committee
F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
Drafting Committee
F20.13 - Treatment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1280-08 - Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Impermeable Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Replaced By
ASTM F1280-19 - Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Impermeable Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Mar-2019
Referred By
ASTM F1279-19 - Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Restriction of the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Permeable Land Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1280 − 14
Standard Guide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of Surface Washing
1
Agents: Impermeable Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Agents: Environmental and Operational Considerations
1.1 This guide covers the use of surface washing agents to
3. Terminology
assist in the cleanup of oil spills. This guide is written with the
3.1 Definitions:
goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this
3.1.1 permeability—the capacity of the surface to conduct
goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made.
or transmit liquids such as water. An impermeable surface
Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered al-
would not transmit water in a short time (minutes).
though these and other factors are often important in spill
response. 3.1.2 surface—the top or cover of the land at the site of
interest.
1.2 In making surface washing agent use decisions, appro-
3.1.3 surface washing agents—chemical substances, includ-
priate government authorities should be consulted as required
ing surfactants, intended to loosen oil from surfaces. Surface
by law.
washing agents do not include dispersants. (See Guide F1872
1.3 Spill responders have available several means to control
for details on the use of surface washing agents.)
orcleanupspilledoil.Inthisguide,theuseofchemicalsurface
washing agents is considered.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide,
4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response
includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences
teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill
between individual surface washing agents or between differ-
events.
ent oil products are not considered.
4.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circum-
1.5 This guide applies only to impermeable surfaces.
stances.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Environment Covered—Impermeable Surfaces
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.1 Impermeable surfaces include any soil, rock, hard pan,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
orothernaturalsurfacethatdoesnotreadilypermitthepassage
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. of water and oil.
5.2 Impermeable surfaces include man-made surfaces such
2. Referenced Documents
as paved roads and parking lots. (See Guide F1279 for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
permeable surfaces.)
F1279 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Restric-
5.3 The impermeable surface should allow for the contain-
tion of the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Permeable
mentandrecoveryofoil-contaminatedwaterresultingfromthe
Land Surfaces
cleaning process.
F1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning
6. Background
1
6.1 Oil and surface washing agents will ultimately run off
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
3
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
an impermeable surface (1, 2). The environment receiving
F20.13 on Treatment.
runoff should be considered. As an example, experience with
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
spills on impermeable surfaces included runoff into a perme-
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1280 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/F1280-14. able zone and extensive groundwater contamination.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1280 − 14
6.2 A laboratory experiment has shown that explosion 7.2 All runoff from surface washing operations on imper-
potential is increased by using surface washing agents on fuel meable surfaces should be collected.
spills in sewers (2, 3).
7.3 Surface washing agents should never be used if the
6.3 Studies of the toxicity of natural products such as
runoff can reach groundwater, especially that used for drinking
d-limonene, from citrus peels, reveals that many of these have
water.
high aquatic toxicities, w
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1280 − 08 F1280 − 14
Standard Guide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of Surface Washing
1
Agents: Impermeable Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the use of surface washing agents to assist in the cleanup of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal
of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic
and socioeconomic factors are not considered although these and other factors are often important in spill response.
1.2 In making surface washing agent use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.3 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of chemical surface
washing agents is considered.
1.4 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be treatable and the surface washing agent to be effective, available, applied
correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is assumed
that the surface washing agent is non-persistent in the natural environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and
refined petroleum products. Differences between individual surface washing agents or between different oil products are not
considered.
1.5 This guide applies only to impermeable surfaces.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1279 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Restriction of the Use of Surface Washing Agents: Permeable Land Surfaces
F1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning Agents: Environmental and Operational Considerations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 permeability—the capacity of the surface to conduct or transmit liquids such as water. An impermeable surface would not
transmit water in a short time (minutes).
3.1.2 surface—the top or cover of the land at the site of interest.
3.1.3 surface washing agents—chemical substances, including surfactants, intended to loosen oil from surfaces. Surface
washing agents do not include dispersants. (See Guide F1872 for details on the use of surface washing agents.)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.
4.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.13
on Treatment.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008March 1, 2014. Published September 2008March 2014. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 19992008
as F1280 – 90 (1999)F1280 – 08., which was withdrawn in January 2008 and reinstated in September 2008. DOI: 10.1520/F1280-08. DOI: 10.1520/F1280-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1280 − 14
5. Environment Covered—Impermeable Surfaces
5.1 Impermeable surfaces include any soil, rock, hard pan, or other natural surface that does not readily permit the passage of
water and oil.
5.2 Impermeable surfaces include man-made surfaces such as paved roads and parking lots. (See Guide F1279 for permeable
surfaces.)
5.3 The impermeable surface should allow for the containment and recovery of oil-contaminated water resulting from the
cleaning process.
6. Background
3
6.1 Oil and surface washing agents will ultimately run off an impermeable surface (1, 2). The environment receiving runoff
should be consid
...

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Standard Guide for Consideration of Bioremediation as an Oil Spill Response Method on Land

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide remediation managers and spill response teams with guidance on bioremediation.  
3.2 Bioremediation is one of many available tools and may not be applicable to all situations. This guide can be used in conjunction with other ASTM guides addressing oil spill response operations.
SCOPE
1.1 The goal of this guide is to provide recommendations for the use of biodegradation enhancing agents for remediating oil spills in terrestrial environments.  
1.2 This is a general guide only, assuming the bioremediation agent to be safe, effective, available, and applied in accordance with both manufacturers' recommendations and relevant environmental regulations. As referred to in this guide, oil includes crude and refined petroleum products.  
1.3 This guide addresses the application of bioremediation agents alone or in conjunction with other technologies, following spills on surface terrestrial environments.  
1.4 This guide does not consider the ecological effects of bioremediation agents.  
1.5 This guide applies to all terrestrial environments. Specifically, it addresses various technological applications used in these environments.  
1.6 In making bioremediation-use decisions, appropriate government authorities must be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takes place under the control and direction of a qualified person with full knowledge of any potential or appropriate safety and health protocols.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1778-97(2020)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill Response

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response equipment selection process for local, regional, and national spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of equipment standards.  
4.2 The effectiveness of the equipment chosen to combat an oil spill will depend on the oil type and environment(s) encountered, as well as other factors. This guide is intended to be used by persons generally familiar with the practical aspects of oil spill cleanup operations including on-scene response coordinators, planners, oil spill management teams, oil spill removal organizations, and plan evaluators.  
4.3 Eleven general types of skimming systems are described in this guide. Each description includes a summary of the operating principle and a list of selection considerations.  
4.4 Selection considerations are included to guide the user on the selection of a particular skimmer type or category. Users are cautioned that within each category there may be a wide variation in performance among various skimmers.  
4.5 When selecting a skimmer for use in extremely cold conditions, consideration should be given to the effect of ice forming on the skimmer, changes in buoyancy, possible restriction of inlets, and changes to hydraulic efficiency. Because there may be wide variations in skimmer performance at extreme temperatures, even within a given category, ambient temperature is not included as a selection consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment.  
1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spill-control equipment with spill products. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible with anticipated products and conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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