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ASTM D7792/D7792M-23

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs

Standard Practice for Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The freeze/thaw conditioning procedures prescribed in this practice are designed to provide a standard procedure to be used to evaluate and compare the effect of 100 freeze/thaw cycles under controlled laboratory conditions on pultruded FRP composites to be used in structural design applications. The conditioning procedures prescribed in this practice are designed to obtain reproducible results to compare and evaluate these materials but are not intended to produce equilibrium conditions or actual service conditions for these materials.
SCOPE
1.1 In general, it is feasible that the mechanical properties of FRP composites will be affected by environmental conditions such as freeze/thaw cycling. In order to make reliable comparisons between different materials under freeze/thaw environmental conditions, it is necessary to standardize the freeze/thaw conditions to which specimens of these materials are subjected prior to and during testing. This practice defines procedures for freeze/thaw conditioning of pultruded FRP composites intended for use in structural design applications.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Dec-2023
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.18 - Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7792/D7792M-15 - Standard Practice for Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs
Effective Date
15-Dec-2023

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ASTM D7792/D7792M-23 - Standard Practice for Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural DesignsASTM D7792/D7792M-23 - Standard Practice for Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs
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REDLINE ASTM D7792/D7792M-23 - Standard Practice for Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural DesignsREDLINE ASTM D7792/D7792M-23 - Standard Practice for Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7792/D7792M − 23
Standard Practice for
Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced
1
Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7792/D7792M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D3918 Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pul-
3
truded Products (Withdrawn 2020)
1.1 In general, it is feasible that the mechanical properties of
D6641/D6641M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
FRP composites will be affected by environmental conditions
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined
such as freeze/thaw cycling. In order to make reliable com-
Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
parisons between different materials under freeze/thaw envi-
D7290 Practice for Evaluating Material Property Character-
ronmental conditions, it is necessary to standardize the freeze/
istic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineer-
thaw conditions to which specimens of these materials are
ing Structural Applications
subjected prior to and during testing. This practice defines
D7745 Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
procedures for freeze/thaw conditioning of pultruded FRP
composites intended for use in structural design applications.
3. Terminology
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
3.1 Definitions:
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
3.1.1 standard laboratory temperature—a temperature of
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
23 6 2°C [73.4 6 3.6°F].
lents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the
other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential 3.1.2 standard laboratory atmosphere—an atmosphere hav-
to result in nonconformance with the standard. ing a temperature of 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 3.6°F] and a relative
humidity of 50 6 10 %.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.3 freeze/thaw resistance—the ability of a thermoset
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- pultruded composite to withstand repeated water exposure and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- subsequent freeze cycling for 100 freeze/thaw cycles. This
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ability will be quantified in terms of the % retention of the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- mechanical property of interest as compared to samples ex-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
posed to water for a comparable time without subsequent
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the freeze/thaw cycling.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2 Terminology relating to pultruded composites is found
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
in Terminology D3918.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 The freeze/thaw conditioning procedures prescribed in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
this practice are designed to provide a standard procedure to be
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
used to evaluate and compare the effect of 100 freeze/thaw
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
cycles under controlled laboratory conditions on pultruded
FRP composites to be used in structural design applications.
1
The conditioning procedures prescribed in this practice are
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
designed to obtain reproducible results to compare and evalu-
ting Plastics.
ate these materials but are not intended to produce equilibrium
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally
conditions or actual service conditions for these materials.
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7792/D7792M – 15.
DOI: 10.1520/D7792_D7792M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyri
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7792/D7792M − 15 D7792/D7792M − 23
Standard Practice for
Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced
1
Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7792/D7792M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 In general, it is feasible that the mechanical properties of FRP composites will be affected by environmental conditions such
as freeze/thaw cycling. In order to make reliable comparisons between different materials under freeze/thaw environmental
conditions, it is necessary to standardize the freeze/thaw conditions to which specimens of these materials are subjected prior to
and during testing. This practice defines procedures for freeze/thaw conditioning of pultruded FRP composites intended for use in
structural design applications.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not beare not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may has the potential to result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3
D3918 Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products (Withdrawn 2020)
D6641/D6641M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined Loading
Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
D7290 Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineering
Structural Applications
D7745 Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Dec. 15, 2023. Published October 2015January 2024. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
D7792/D7792M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D7792_D7792M-15.10.1520/D7792_D7792M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7792/D7792M − 23
3.1.1 standard laboratory temperature—a temperature of 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 3.6°F].
3.1.2 standard laboratory atmosphere—an atmosphere having a temperature of 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 3.6°F] and a relative humidity
of 50 6 10 %.
3.1.3 freeze/thaw resistance—the ability of a thermoset pultruded composite to withstand repeated water exposure and subsequent
freeze cycling for 100 freeze/thaw cycles. This ability will be quantified in terms of the % retention of the mechanical property
of interest as compared to samples exposed to water for a comparable time without subsequent freeze/thaw cycling.
3.2 Terminology relating to pultruded composites is found in Terminology D3918.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The freeze/thaw conditioning procedures prescribed in this practice are designed to provide a standard procedure to be used
to evaluate and compare the effect of
...

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ASTM D7992/D7992M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Elevated Temperature and Moisture Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The elevated temperature and moisture conditioning procedures prescribed in this practice are designed to provide a standard procedure to be used to evaluate and compare the effect of elevated temperature and moisture conditioning under controlled laboratory conditions on pultruded FRP composites to be used in structural design applications. The conditioning procedures prescribed in this practice are designed to obtain reproducible results to compare and evaluate these materials but are not intended to produce equilibrium conditions or actual service conditions for these materials.
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1.1 In general, it is feasible that the mechanical properties of FRP composites will be affected by environmental conditions such as exposure to moisture at elevated temperatures. In order to make reliable comparisons between different materials under elevated temperature and moisture environmental conditions, it is necessary to standardize the elevated temperature and moisture conditions to which specimens of these materials are subjected prior to and during testing. This practice defines procedures for elevated temperature and moisture conditioning of pultruded FRP composites intended for use in structural design applications. The conditioning medium representing elevated temperature and moisture exposure described in this standard practice is distilled water maintained at 37.8 ± 1.5°C [100 ± 3°F] for 1000 hours.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in nonconformance with the standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of the flexural modulus, beam bending strength and full assembly strength, by this test method is especially useful for product validation, design and specification purposes.  
5.2 Calculated values for flexural modulus, bending strength and full assembly strength will vary with specimen depth, span length, hole configurations, loading rate, and ambient test temperature. A minimum span to depth ratio of 16:1 is required for establishing the flexural modulus, wherein shear deformation effects are neglected.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flexural modulus and bending strength of both the tangent and deadend Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite crossarms loaded perpendicular to the plane of minor and major axes. One method covers testing of assembled tangent crossarms including the tangent bracket and relative hardware. The other method covers testing of assembled deadend crossarms with a deadend bracket and relative phase loading hardware. The failure modes and associated stresses can be used for predicting the phase load capacities of pultruded crossarms specific to certain conductor loading scenarios exerted by conductors.  
1.2 The test data described in this standard can be used for predicting the vertical and horizontal component loads of deadend and tangent arms. Both deadend and tangent crossarms shall be tested in the two configurations described in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. This will permit the manufacturers to publish both vertical and horizontal design capacities for deadend crossarm configurations so that two way bending stresses, caused by catenary effects, can be considered when developing the capacity of the deadend crossarms by utility design engineers and manufacturers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard will not address all factors that affect the phase loading capacity.  
1.5 This standard does not address the use of core materials that are added to increase the structural capacity of the crossarms. Contribution of core materials shall not be considered within the calculations provided in this standard. Use of core material properties in design computations to identify improvement in design strengths of crossarms is the sole responsibility of the designee in-charge of the project.  
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5.1 The void content of a composite may significantly affect some of its mechanical properties. Higher void contents usually mean lower fatigue resistance, greater susceptibility to water penetration and weathering, and increased variation or scatter in strength properties. The knowledge of void content is desirable for estimation of quality of composites.
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1.1 These test methods cover the void content of reinforced plastics or “composites.” The test methods are applicable to composites for which the effects of ignition on the materials are known. Most plastics, glass, and reinforcements fall into this class. These test methods are not applicable to composites for which the effects of ignition on the plastics, the reinforcement, and any fillers are unknown. This class may include silicone resins, which do not burn off completely, reinforcements consisting of metals, organic materials, or inorganic materials which may gain or lose weight, and fillers consisting of oxides, carbonates, etc., which may gain or lose weight. Note that separate weight loss tests of individual materials will usually, but not necessarily, give the same result as when all the materials are combined.  
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ABSTRACT
This classification system covers reinforced and filled poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. This classification system is not intended for the selection of materials, but only as a means to call out plastic materials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The physical properties of the materials must meet the required tensile strength, flexural modulus, Izod impact strength, flexural strength, and density.
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4.1 The high axial-tensile strength and the low transverse-compressive strength of pultruded rod combine to present some unique problems in determining the tensile strength of this material with conventional test grips. The high transverse-compressive forces generated in the conventional method of gripping tend to crush the rod, thereby causing premature failure. In this test method, aluminum-alloy tabs contoured to the shape of the rod reduce the compressive forces imparted to the rod, thus overcoming the deleterious influence of conventional test grips.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 6.1 and 8.4.3.
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4.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain the diffuse light transmittance factor of both flat and corrugated translucent building panels by the use of simple apparatus and by employing as a light source a combination of fluorescent tubes whose energy distribution closely approximates CIE Source C.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the diffuse light transmission factor of translucent reinforced plastics building panels.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
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ASTM D3935-21(Specification)
Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polycarbonate (PC) Unfilled and Reinforced Material

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unfilled and reinforced polycarbonate and polycarbonate copolymer materials suitable for injection molding, blow molding, and extrusion. Some of these compositions may also find use for compression molding or application from solution. Unfilled polycarbonate materials are classified into groups according to their composition. The groups are Group 01, Group 02, Group 03, Group 04, Group 05, and Group 06. These groups are subdivided into classes which are Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 and these classes can be further be subdivided into grades which are Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7 and Grade 0. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of polymer materials: Izod impact strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and deflection temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers unfilled and reinforced polycarbonate and polycarbonate copolymer materials suitable for injection molding, blow molding, and extrusion. Some of these compositions may also find use for compression molding or application from solution. This classification system allows for the use of recycled materials provided that all specification requirements are met.  
1.2 The properties in this classification system are those required for identifying the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary for identifying particular characteristics important to specific applications are normally specified by using the suffixes in accordance with Section 5.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered in this standard.
Note 1: This classification system and ISO 21305-1 and ISO 21305-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 12, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4475-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Pultruded Reinforced Plastic Rods By the Short-Beam Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Apparent shear strength determined by this test method is useful for quality control and specification purposes. It is also applicable to research and development programs concerned with interlaminar-shear strength. The apparent shear strength obtained by this test method is not intended for design purposes, but allowed to be utilized for comparative testing of composite materials, if all failures are in horizontal shear.  
5.2 It is recommended that control samples be fabricated with each research test series and that care be used to compare each set of controls with corresponding test series run at different times.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods. The specimen is a short beam in the form of lengths of pultruded rods. This test method is applicable to all types of parallel-fiber-reinforced plastic rod samples.  
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and specification purposes (see 5.1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3841-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Plastic Panels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers glass-fiber reinforced polyester plastic panels intended for use in construction. Light transmitting panels covered by this specification are divided into two types, based on relative response to a laboratory flammability test: Type CC1 for limited flammability and Type CC2 for general purpose. These types may be further subdivided by grades based on relative response to weathering tests: Grade 1 for weather resistance and Grade 2 for general purpose. The polyester resin used in the panels shall be a thermosetting styrenated and acrylated polyester resin composed of polymeric esters in which the recurring ester groups are an integral part of the main polymer chain. The resin shall be reinforced with glass fibers. The polyester resin may contain additives for various purposes. The materials shall be tested for water absorption, tensile strength, linear thermal expansion, and flexural strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification, materials of construction, workmanship, minimum physical requirements, and methods of testing glass-fiber reinforced polyester plastic panels intended for use in construction. Panels for specialized or unique applications have the potential to require values significantly above or below those stated in this specification. Recommended practices for certain specific applications are included as Appendix X1. This specification is not intended to restrict or limit technological changes affecting performance when those changes are agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.  
1.2 Supplementary information on chemical resistance, resistance to heat, and installation practices are provided in Appendix X1.  
1.3 The classification of these plastic panels into types based on relative response to a laboratory test shall not be considered a fire hazard classification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in Tables and Figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.6 Fire properties are determined by using laboratory flammability tests (Test Methods D635, D1929, and E84).  
1.6.1 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6.2 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification. This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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