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ASTM D4475-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Pultruded Reinforced Plastic Rods By the Short-Beam Method

Standard Test Method for Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Pultruded Reinforced Plastic Rods By the Short-Beam Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Apparent shear strength determined by this test method is useful for quality control and specification purposes. It is also applicable to research and development programs concerned with interlaminar-shear strength. The apparent shear strength obtained by this test method is not intended for design purposes, but allowed to be utilized for comparative testing of composite materials, if all failures are in horizontal shear.  
5.2 It is recommended that control samples be fabricated with each research test series and that care be used to compare each set of controls with corresponding test series run at different times.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods. The specimen is a short beam in the form of lengths of pultruded rods. This test method is applicable to all types of parallel-fiber-reinforced plastic rod samples.  
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and specification purposes (see 5.1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2021
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.18 - Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4475 −21
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Pultruded Reinforced
1
Plastic Rods By the Short-Beam Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the appar- 3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
ent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods. with Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For terms
The specimen is a short beam in the form of lengths of relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms
pultruded rods. This test method is applicable to all types of used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminol-
parallel-fiber-reinforced plastic rod samples. ogy E456.
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control
4. Summary of Test Method
and specification purposes (see 5.1).
4.1 The horizontal-shear test specimen is center-loaded as
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
shown in Fig. 1. The ends of the specimens rest on two
standard.
supports that allow the specimen to bend, the load being
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
applied by means of a loading nose at midpoint along the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
support span, as shown in Fig. 2.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 The specimen is deflected until a shear failure occurs at
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the midplane of the horizontally supported rod.Adjust the span
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to achieve the required shear mode of failure.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. NOTE 2—Using a span of three times the diameter of rod typically
causes shear failure. If needed, that span can be adjusted up to six times
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
the diameter of the rod.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 Apparent shear strength determined by this test method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
is useful for quality control and specification purposes. It is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
also applicable to research and development programs con-
cerned with interlaminar-shear strength. The apparent shear
2. Referenced Documents
strength obtained by this test method is not intended for design
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
purposes, but allowed to be utilized for comparative testing of
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
composite materials, if all failures are in horizontal shear.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
5.2 It is recommended that control samples be fabricated
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
with each research test series and that care be used to compare
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
each set of controls with corresponding test series run at
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
different times.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
6.1 TestingMachine—Aproperly calibrated testing machine
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
that can be operated at a constant rate of crosshead motion, and
ting Plastics.
in which the error in the load measuring system shall not
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally approved
exceed 61 % of the maximum load expected to be measured.
in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4475 - 02(2016). DOI:
10.1520/D4475-21.
The load-indicating mechanism shall be essentially free of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
inertia lag at the crosshead rate used. The accuracy of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
testing machine shall be verified in accordance with Practices
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. E4.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4475 − 02 (Reapproved 2016) D4475 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Pultruded Reinforced
1
Plastic Rods By the Short-Beam Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods. The
specimen is a short beam in the form of lengths of pultruded rods. This test method is applicable to all types of
parallel-fiber-reinforced plastic rod samples.
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and specification purposes (see 4.15.1).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For terms relating
to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016July 1, 2021. Published April 2016July 2021. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20082016 as
D4475 - 02(2008).D4475 - 02(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D4475-02R16.10.1520/D4475-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4475 − 21
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The horizontal-shear test specimen is center-loaded as shown in Fig. 1. The ends of the specimens rest on two supports that
allow the specimen to bend, the load being applied by means of a loading nose at midpoint along the support span, as shown in
Fig. 2.
4.2 The specimen is deflected until a shear failure occurs at the midplane of the horizontally supported rod. Adjust the span to
achieve the required shear mode of failure.
NOTE 2—Using a span of three times the diameter of rod typically causes shear failure. If needed, that span can be adjusted up to six times the diameter
of the rod.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Apparent shear strength determined by this test method is useful for quality control and specification purposes. It is also
applicable to research and development programs concerned with interlaminar-shear strength. The apparent shear strength obtained
by this test method cannot be usedis not intended for design purposes, but can allowed to be utilized for comparative testing of
composite materials, if all failures are in horizontal shear.
5.2 It is recommended that control samples be fabricated with each research test series and that care be used to compare each set
of controls with corresponding test series run at different times.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine—A properly calibra
...

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4.1 The results obtained by this practice shall serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a thermosetting resin used in an RTP structure. No attempt has been made to incorporate into the practice all the various factors that will potentially affect the serviceability of an RTP structure when subjected to chemical environments. These factors will potentially include stress, different resin-to-glass ratios, and multiple veils.
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1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate, in an unstressed state, the chemical resistance of thermosetting resins used in the fabrication of reinforced thermosetting plastic (RTP) laminates. This practice provides for the determination of changes in the properties, described as follows, of the test specimens and test reagent after exposure of the specimens to the reagent: hardness of specimens, weight change thickness, appearance of specimens, appearance of immersion media, and flexural strength and modulus.  
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
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ASTM
ASTM D5961/D5961M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing response test method.  
1.3 The multi-fastener test configurations described in this test method are similar to those used by industry to investigate the bypass portion of the bearing bypass interaction response for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. Note that the scope of this test method is limited to bearing and fastener failure modes. Use Test Method D7248/D7248M for by-pass testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5766/D5766M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole tensile strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    6 pages
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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
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