ASTM D2234/D2234M-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is intended that this practice be used to provide a sample representative of the coal from which it is collected. Because of the variability of coal and the wide variety of sampling equipment, caution should be used in all stages of sampling from system specifications and equipment procurement to equipment acceptance testing and actually taking the final sample.
After further processing (Practice D2013), the sample may be analyzed for a number of different parameters. These parameters may affect the lot's value, its ability to meet specifications, its environmental impact, as well as other properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the collection of a sample under various conditions of sampling. The sample is to be crushed and further prepared for analysis in accordance with Practice D2013. However, the procedures for dividing large samples before any crushing are given in this practice. For the sampling of coal using mechanical sampling systems see D7430 Practice for the Mechanical Sampling of Coal.
1.2 This practice describes general and special purpose sampling procedures for coals (1) by size and condition of preparation (for example, mechanically cleaned coal or raw coal) and (2) by sampling characteristics.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2234/D2234M − 10
StandardPractice for
1
Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2234/D2234M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Data obtained from coal samples are used in establishing price, controlling mine and cleaning plant
operations, allocating production costs, and determining plant or component efficiency. The task of
obtaining a sample of reasonable weight to represent an entire lot presents a number of problems and
emphasizes the necessity for using standard sampling procedures.
Coal is one of the most difficult of materials to sample, varying in composition from noncombus-
tible particles to those which can be burned completely, with all gradations in between. The task is
further complicated by the use of the analytical results, the sampling equipment available, the quantity
to be represented by the sample, and the degree of precision required.
This practice gives the overall requirements for the collection of coal samples. The wide varieties
ofcoal-handlingfacilitiesprecludethepublicationofdetailedproceduresforeverysamplingsituation.
The proper collection of the sample involves an understanding and consideration of the physical
character of the coal, the number and weight of increments, and the overall precision required.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the collection of a
sample under various conditions of sampling. The sample is to
2. Referenced Documents
becrushedandfurtherpreparedforanalysisinaccordancewith
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Practice D2013. However, the procedures for dividing large
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
samples before any crushing are given in this practice. For the
D7430 Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal
sampling of coal using mechanical sampling systems see
D7430 Practice for the Mechanical Sampling of Coal.
3. Terminology
1.2 This practice describes general and special purpose
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sampling procedures for coals (1) by size and condition of
3.1.1 accuracy:
preparation (for example, mechanically cleaned coal or raw
3.1.1.1 generally—a term used to indicate the reliability of a
coal) and (2) by sampling characteristics.
sample, a measurement, or an observation.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1.2 specifically—a measure of closeness of agreement
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
between an experimental result and the true value. Example:
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
the observed and true sulfur content of a coal consignment.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
This measure is affected by chance errors as well as by bias.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.2 gross sample—a sample representing one lot of coal
with the standard.
and composed of a number of increments on which neither
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reduction nor division has been performed.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 increment—a small portion of the lot collected by one
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
operation of a sampling device and normally combined with
other increments from the lot to make a gross sample.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and
2
Coke and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.23 on Sampling. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2234_D2234 – 09a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2234_D2234M-10. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2234/D2234M − 10
3.1.4 probability sample—a sample collected using a sam- 5. Significance and Use
pling process such that at each stage of the process, a specified
5.1 It is intended that this practice be used to provide a
non-zero probability of being selected for the sample can be
sample representative of the coal from which it is collec
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2234/D2234M–09a Designation:D2234/D2234M–10
Standard Practice for
1
Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2234/D2234M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Data obtained from coal samples are used in establishing price, controlling mine and cleaning plant
operations, allocating production costs, and determining plant or component efficiency. The task of
obtaining a sample of reasonable weight to represent an entire lot presents a number of problems and
emphasizes the necessity for using standard sampling procedures.
Coal is one of the most difficult of materials to sample, varying in composition from noncombus-
tible particles to those which can be burned completely, with all gradations in between. The task is
further complicated by the use of the analytical results, the sampling equipment available, the quantity
to be represented by the sample, and the degree of precision required.
This practice gives the overall requirements for the collection of coal samples. The wide varieties
ofcoal-handlingfacilitiesprecludethepublicationofdetailedproceduresforeverysamplingsituation.
The proper collection of the sample involves an understanding and consideration of the physical
character of the coal, the number and weight of increments, and the overall precision required.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the collection of a sample under various conditions of sampling. The sample is to be
crushed and further prepared for analysis in accordance with Practice D2013. However, the procedures for dividing large samples
before any crushing are given in this practice. For the sampling of coal using mechanical sampling systems see D7430 Practice
for the Mechanical Sampling of Coal.
1.2 This practice describes general and special purpose sampling procedures for coals (1) by size and condition of preparation
(for example, mechanically cleaned coal or raw coal) and (2) by sampling characteristics.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D7430 Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 accuracy:
3.1.1.1 generally—a term used to indicate the reliability of a sample, a measurement, or an observation.
3.1.1.2 specifically—a measure of closeness of agreement between an experimental result and the true value. Example: the
observed and true sulfur content of a coal consignment. This measure is affected by chance errors as well as by bias.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.23 on Sampling.
Current edition approved Oct.Jan. 1, 2009.2010. Published November 2009.February 2010. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20002009 as
D2234/D2234 – 09a. DOI: 10.1520/D2234_D2234M-109a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2234/D2234M–10
3.1.2 gross sample—a sample representing one lot of coal and composed of a number of increments on which neither reduction
nor division has been performed.
3.1.3 increment—a small portion of the lot collected by one operation of a sampling device and normally combined with other
increments from the lot to make a
...
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