ASTM D7409-07e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Yarns
Standard Test Method for Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Yarns
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used for manufacturing quality control or manufacturing quality assurance purposes to determine the CEG concentration of PET yarns used in either geogrids or geotextiles.
The CEG content of the PET yarns may have an influence on the properties of the geosynthetic, such as its hydrolysis resistance. The lower the value, the higher the hydrolysis resistance of the yarns.
This test does not set the limiting (maximum) value for various engineering applications. Such a specification is a decision of the design engineer, owner, and/or regulator.
SCOPE
1.1 This test procedure is based significantly on the GRI GG7 test procedure, Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Yarns.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the concentration, in mmol/Kg, of carboxyl end groups (CEG) found in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) yarns by titration.
1.3 This test is applicable to geogrid yarns that are made from PET resin.
Note 1—This test is also applicable to high strength geotextile yarns that are made from PET and are used in reinforcement applications.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: D7409 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene Terephthalate
1
(PET) Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7409; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The equation in Section 10.5 was added editorially in December 2008.
1. Scope 3.1.3 potentiometric titration, n—a titration method that
monitors the change in electrochemical potential, expressed as
1.1 This test procedure is based significantly on the GRI
mV, of the solution as the titration proceeds.
GG7 test procedure, Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyeth-
ylene Terephthalate (PET) Yarns. 3.1.4 colorimetric titration, n—atitrationmethodthatmoni-
torsthechangeincolorofthesolutionasthetitrationproceeds.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the concentration,
A chemical indicator sensitive to pH is added to create the
in mmol/Kg, of carboxyl end groups (CEG) found in poly(eth-
color change.
ylene terephthalate) (PET) yarns by titration.
3.1.5 automatic titration, n—a titration method in which a
1.3 This test is applicable to geogrid yarns that are made
machine is used that automatically dispenses small volumes of
from PET resin.
the titrant and monitors the pH or the electrochemical potential
NOTE 1—This test is also applicable to high strength geotextile yarns
of the solution.
that are made from PET and are used in reinforcement applications.
3.1.6 fibers, n—a generic term for any one of the various
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
types of material that form the basic structure of a geogrid (or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
geotextile), which are characterized by having a length at least
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
100 times its diameter.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.7 filaments, n—a continuous fiber of extremely long
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
length.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.8 yarns, n—a generic term for a continuous strand of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting,
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile related
geogrid (or geotextile).
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Carboxyl End Groups (CEG), n—non-reactedcarbox-
4.1 This method defines a specific procedure for the deter-
ylic acid groups of terephthalic acid located at either end of a
mination of carboxyl end groups (CEG) of PETby a titrimetric
polymer chain.
method.
3.1.2 titration, n—titration is a standard laboratory method
4.2 PET yarns are dissolved in o-cresol at 80 °C. The
of quantitative chemical analysis which can be used to deter-
solution is diluted with dichloro methane, and titrated against
mine the concentration of a known reactant. Typically, the
KOH dissolved in methanol, by either a potentiometric or
reactionisaneutralizationreactionbetweenanacidandabase.
colorimetric method. The amount of potassium hydroxide
required to complete the titration with the PET solution is
1 measured and used to calculate to the concentration of CEGs.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
ance Properties.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published March 2008. DOI: 10.1520/
D7409-07E01.
5.1 This test method can be used for manufacturing quality
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
control or manufacturing quality assurance purposes to deter-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mine the CEG concentration of PET yarns used in either
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. geogrids or geotextiles.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7409 − 07
5.2 The CEG content of the PET yarns may have an 8.4 Dichloro Methane —It is toxic and flammable. Avoid
influence on the properties of the geosynthetic, such as its breathing vapors and skin contact. If contact is made, wash the
hydrolysis resistance. The lower the value, the higher the affectedareawithwaterfor15to20min.Getmedicalattention
hydrolysis resistance of the yarns. immediately.
5.3 This test does not set the limiting (maximum) value for
9. Sample Preparation
various engineering applications.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D7409–07 Designation: D 7409 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene Terephthalate
1
(PET) Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7409; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The equation is Section 10.5 was added editorially in December 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test procedure is based significantly on the GRI GG7 test procedure, Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene
Terephthalate (PET) Yarns.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the concentration, in mmol/Kg, of carboxyl end groups (CEG) found in poly(ethylene
terephthalate) (PET) yarns by titration.
1.3 This test is applicable to geogrid yarns that are made from PET resin.
NOTE 1—This test is also applicable to high strength geotextile yarns that are made from PET and are used in reinforcement applications.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Carboxyl End Groups (CEG), n— non-reacted carboxylic acid groups of terephthalic acid located at either end of a
polymer chain.
3.1.2 titration, n—titration is a standard laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis which can be used to determine
the concentration of a known reactant. Typically, the reaction is a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
3.1.3 potentiometric titration, n—a titration method that monitors the change in electrochemical potential, expressed as mV, of
the solution as the titration proceeds.
3.1.4 colorimetric titration, n—a titration method that monitors the change in color of the solution as the titration proceeds.A
chemical indicator sensitive to pH is added to create the color change.
3.1.5 automatic titration, n—a titration method in which a machine is used that automatically dispenses small volumes of the
titrant and monitors the pH or the electrochemical potential of the solution.
3.1.6 fibers, n—a generic term for any one of the various types of material that form the basic structure of a geogrid (or
geotextile), which are characterized by having a length at least 100 times its diameter.
3.1.7 filaments, n—a continuous fiber of extremely long length.
3.1.8 yarns, n—a generic term for a continuous strand of fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving,
or otherwise intertwining to form a textile related geogrid (or geotextile).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This method defines a specific procedure for the determination of carboxyl end groups (CEG) of PET by a titrimetric
method.
4.2 PET yarns are dissolved in o-cresol at 80 °C. The solution is diluted with dichloro methane, and titrated against KOH
dissolvedinmethanol,byeitherapotentiometricorcolorimetricmethod.Theamountofpotassiumhydroxiderequiredtocomplete
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published March 2008.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7409–07
the titration with the PET solution is measured and used to calculate to the concentration of CEGs.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method can be used for manufacturing quality control or manufacturing quality assurance purposes to determine
the CEG concentration of PET yarns used in either geogrids or geotextiles.
5.2 The CEG content of the PET yarns may have an influence on the properties of the geosynthetic, such as its hydrolysis
resistance. The lower the value, the higher the hydrolysis resistance of the yarns.
5.3 This test does not set the limiting
...
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