ASTM C242-14

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C242 − 14
StandardTerminology of
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Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light
beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither trans-
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in
mitted nor reflected.
ceramic whitewares and related products.
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are
and having physical properties not substantially different
not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this
from ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are
listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important
absorption—(1) the relationship of the weight of the water
words are cross-referenced.
absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed
immersion procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfec-
(2) the capacity of a substance to take up a substance,
tions on ceramics, refer to Terminology F109.
usually a liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently
homogeneous mixture.
2. Referenced Documents
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adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
a liquid.
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more
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cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held
F109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on
together by relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak
Ceramics
chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge gener-
F465 Practice for Developing Precision and Accuracy Data
ated by handling or processing.
on ASTM Method for the Analysis of Meat and Meat
DISCUSSION—Common usage in powder technology (and British
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Products (Withdrawn 1993)
Standard BS 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate”
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interchanged in meaning from the definitions presented here, and care
2.2 British Standard:
must be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong
3. Terminology
intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to
normal mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and
absolute or true density—See absolute or true density under
ultrasonics.
density.
alumina porcelain—See alumina porcelain under porcelain.
alumina whiteware—See alumina whiteware under ceramic
whiteware.
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of andalusite—a polymorph, along with sillimanite and kyanite,
Subcommittee C21.01 on Editorial and Teminology.
of composition Al O ·SiO which on firing dissociates to
2 3 2
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
yield principally mullite.
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C242 – 01 (2007).
DOI: 10.1520/C0242-14.
apparent or pycnometric density—See apparent or pycnomet-
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ric density under density.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
apparent porosity—See apparent porosity under porosity.
the ASTM website.
average particle size—a single value representing the entire
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The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
particle-size distribution.
www.astm.org.
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DISCUSSION—It is essential to specify the basis under which the
Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England
W1A 2B5. average is obtained.
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C242 − 14
ball clay—a secondary clay, commonly characterized by the calcine—aceramicmaterialormixturefiredtolessthanfusion
presence of organic matter, high plasticity, high dry strength, for use as a constituent in a ceramic composition.
long vitrification range, and a light color when fired.
capillary action—thephenomenonofi
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