ASTM D198-05a

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Designation: D 198 – 05a
Standard Test Methods of
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Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous evaluations of structural members of solid sawn lumber have been conducted in
accordance with Test Methods D 198 – 27. While the importance of continued use of a satisfactory
standard should not be underestimated, the original standard (1927) was designed primarily for sawn
material, such as solid wood bridge stringers and joists. With the advent of laminated timbers,
wood-plywood composite members, and even reinforced and prestressed timbers, a procedure
adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members is required.
The present standard expands the original standard to permit its application to wood members of all
types. It provides methods of evaluation under loadings other than flexure in recognition of the
increasing need for improved knowledge of properties under such loadings as tension to reflect the
increasing use of dimensions lumber in the lower chords of trusses.The standard establishes practices
that will permit correlation of results from different sources through the use of a uniform procedure.
Provision is made for varying the procedure to take account of special problems.
1. Scope D 1165 Nomenclature of Domestic Hardwoods and Soft-
woods
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber in
D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
structural size by various testing procedures.
Wood-Based Materials
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
D 2915 Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties for
Sections
Grades of Structural Lumber
Flexure 4-11
Compression (Short Column) 12-19
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
Compression (Long Member) 20-27
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
Tension 28-35
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Torsion 36-43
Shear Modulus 44-51
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
ing
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
procedures are given in Appendix X1.
someter System
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E6, Terminology D9,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and Nomenclature D 1165.Afew related terms not covered in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
these standards are as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 composite wood beam—a laminar construction com-
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prising a combination of wood and other simple or complex
2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials assembled and intimately fixed in relation to each
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood
other so as to use the properties of each to attain specific
structural advantage for the whole assembly.
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
3.1.2 depth of beam—that dimension of the beam that is
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
perpendicular to the span and parallel to the direction in which
Test Methods and Properties.
the load is applied (Fig. 1).
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 198 – 05.
3.1.3 shear span—two times the distance between a reac-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tionandthenearestloadpointforasymmetricallyloadedbeam
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
(Fig. 1).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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D 198 – 05a
FIG. 1 Flexure Method. Example of Two-Point Loading
3.1.4 shear span-depth ratio—the numerical ratio of shear 6.1.2 Data for use in development of working stresses for
span divided by beam depth. structural members,
3.1.5 span—the total distance between reactions on which a 6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical
beam is supported to accommodate a transverse load (Fig. 1). properties of structural members,
3.1.6 span-depth ratio—the numerical ratio of total span 6.1.4 Data on strength properties of different spe
...