ASTM D596-01

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 596 – 01
Standard Guide for
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Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 596; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 6091 Practice for 99 %/95 % Interlaboratory Detection
Estimate (IDE) for Analytical Methods with Negligible
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for reporting inorganic
Calibration Error
and organic results of analyses of drinking water, waste water,
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
process water, ground water, and surface water, and so forth, to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
laboratory clients in a complete and systematic fashion.
1.2 The reporting of bacterial and radiological data are not
3. Terminology
addressed in this guide.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
1.3 The commonly used data qualifiers for reviewing and
tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
reporting information are listed and defined. Client and labo-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ratory specific requirements may make use of other qualifiers.
3.2.1 surrogates—compounds that are similar to analytes of
This guide does not preclude the use of other data qualifiers.
interest in chemical composition and behavior, separation, and
1.4 This guide discusses procedures for and specific prob-
measurements, but that are not normally found in environmen-
lems in the reporting of low level data, potential errors (Type
tal samples.
I and Type II), and reporting data that are below the calculated
method detection limit and above the analyte.
NOTE 1—These compounds are added to blanks, standards, samples, or
spiked samples prior to analysis to confirm the proper operation of the
2. Referenced Documents
analytical system.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 Type I error—a statement that a substance is present
D 933 Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and
when it is not.
Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
3.2.3 Type II error—a statement that a substance was not
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
present (was not found) when the substance was present.
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
4. Significance and Use
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laborato-
4.1 The proper use of analytical data requires adequate
ries Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Water
documentation of all inputs, that is, the source and history of
D 4210 Practice for Intralaboratory Quality Control Proce-
the sample, laboratory performing the analysis, method of
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dures and a Discussion on Reporting Low-Level Data
analysis, date of analysis, precision and bias of the measure-
D 4460 Practice for Calculating Precision Limits Where
ments, and related quality assurance information.
Values are Calculated from Other Test Methods
4.2 In order to have defensible data, the report must be
D 4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
complete and accurate, providing adequate information to
D 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
evaluate the quality of the data and contain supporting infor-
Related to Waste ManagementActivities: Development of
mation that documents sampling and analysis procedures.
Data Quality Objectives
4.3 This guide contains some of the common data qualifiers
or “flags” commonly used by laboratories following the Good
Laboratory Practices, the Government Contract program, or
found in the commercial laboratories. Examples of these
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
qualifiers are the use of (E) for estimated value, (U) for
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on General Specifications,
Technical Resources, and Statistical Methods.
analyzed for but not detected, and (B) for analyte was found in
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originally
the blank (see 8.11). The qualifiers included in this guide
published as D 596 – 40. Last previous edition D 596 – 91 (1995).
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should help the laboratory and its customers to better under-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
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Withdrawn. stand each other by using standardized qualifiers.
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D596–01
4.4 PracticeD 933isacomprehensivepracticeforreporting detection limit should be identified along with any specific
water-formed constituent
...