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ASTM E1022-22

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks

Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A bioconcentration test is conducted to obtain information concerning the ability of an aquatic species to accumulate a test material directly from water. This guide provides guidance for designing bioconcentration tests on the properties of the test material so that each material is tested in a cost-effective manner.  
5.2 Because steady-state is usually approached from the low side and the definition of apparent steady-state is based on a statistical hypothesis test, the apparent steady-state BCF will usually be lower than the steady-state BCF. With the variation and sample sizes commonly used in bioconcentration tests, the actual steady-state BCF will usually be no more than twice the apparent BCF.  
5.3 When both are determined in the same test, the projected steady-state BCF will usually be higher than the apparent steady-state BCF because the models used to calculate the projected BCF assume that the BCF steadily increases until infinite time.  
5.4 The BCFs and rates and extents of uptake and depuration will depend on temperature, water quality, the species and its size, physiological condition, age, and other factors (1).4 Although organisms are fed during tests, uptake by means of sorption onto food is probably negligible during tests.  
5.5 Results of bioconcentration tests are used to predict concentrations likely to occur in aquatic organisms in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions, except that mobile organisms might avoid exposure when possible. Under the experimental conditions, particulate matter is deliberately minimized compared to natural water systems. Exposure conditions for the tests may therefore not be comparable for an organic chemical that has a high octanol-water partition coefficient or for an inorganic chemical that sorbs substantially onto particulate matter. The amount of the test substance in solution is thereby reduced in both cases, and therefore the material is less available to many organisms...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning bioconcentration of a test material added to dilution water—but not to food—by freshwater and saltwater fishes and saltwater bivalve mollusks using the flow-through technique. These procedures also should be useful for conducting bioconcentration tests with other aquatic species, although modifications might be necessary.  
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other tests. The comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting bioconcentration tests.  
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water and in appropriate tissues. Bioconcentration tests are usually conducted on individual chemicals but can be conducted on mixtures if appropriate measurements can be made. Some techniques described in this guide were developed for tests on non-ionizable organic chemicals (see 11.1.2.1) and might not apply to ionizable or inorganic chemicals.  
1.4 Results of bioconcentration tests should usually be reported in terms of apparent steady-state and projected steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and uptake and depuration rate constants. Results should be reported in terms of whole body for fishes and in terms of total soft tissue for bivalve mollusks. For fishes and scallops consumed by humans, some results should also be reported in terms of the edible portion, especially if ingestion of the test material by humans is a major concern. For tests on organic and organometallic chemicals, the ...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2022
ICS
07.080 - Biology. Botany. Zoology
Technical Committee
E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
Drafting Committee
E50.47 - Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E1022-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve MollusksASTM E1022-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks
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ASTM E1022-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1022 − 22
Standard Guide for
Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and
1
Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1022; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope humans is a major concern. For tests on organic and organo-
metallic chemicals, the percent lipids of the tissue should be
1.1 Thisguidedescribesproceduresforobtaininglaboratory
reported.
data concerning bioconcentration of a test material added to
1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:
dilution water—but not to food—by freshwater and saltwater
fishes and saltwater bivalve mollusks using the flow-through
Section
Referenced Documents 2
technique.Theseproceduresalsoshouldbeusefulforconduct-
Terminology 3
ing bioconcentration tests with other aquatic species, although
Summary of Guide 4
modifications might be necessary.
Significance and Use 5
Safety Precautions 7
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-
Apparatus 6
fied by special needs or circumstances.Although using appro- Facilities 6.1
Construction Materials 6.2
priate procedures is more important than following prescribed
Metering System 6.3
procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual pro-
Test Chambers 6.4
Cleaning 6.4.4
cedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other
Acceptability 6.5
tests. The comparison of results obtained using modified and
Dilution Water 8
unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful
Requirements 8.1
Source 8.2
information concerning new concepts and procedures for
Treatment 8.3
conducting bioconcentration tests.
Characterization 8.4
Test Material 9
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals that
General 9.1
can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in
Radiolabeled Material 9.2
water and in appropriate tissues. Bioconcentration tests are
Stock Solution 9.3
Test Concentration(s) 9.4
usually conducted on individual chemicals but can be con-
Test Organisms 10
ducted on mixtures if appropriate measurements can be made.
Species 10.1
Some techniques described in this guide were developed for
Size 10.2
Source 10.3
tests on non-ionizable organic chemicals (see 11.1.2.1) and
Care and Handling 10.4
might not apply to ionizable or inorganic chemicals.
Feeding 10.5
Disease Treatment 10.6
1.4 Results of bioconcentration tests should usually be
Holding 10.7
reportedintermsofapparentsteady-stateandprojectedsteady-
Acclimation 10.8
Quality 10.9
state bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and uptake and depura-
Procedure 11
tion rate constants. Results should be reported in terms of
Experimental Design 11.1
whole body for fishes and in terms of total soft tissue for
Dissolved Oxygen 11.2
Temperature 11.3
bivalve mollusks. For fishes and scallops consumed by
Loading 11.4
humans, some results should also be reported in terms of the
Beginning the Test 11.5
edible portion, especially if ingestion of the test material by
Care of Organisms 11.6
Feeding 11.7
Cleaning 11.8
1
Biological Data 11.9
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Measurements on Test Solutions 11.10
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil-
Analytical Methodology 12
ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Acceptability of Test 13
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally
Calculation of Results 14
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1022–94(2013)
Documentation 15
which was withdrawn January 2022 and reinstated in April 2022. DOI: 10.1520/
Keywords 16
E1022-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1022 − 22
3
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Conducted Under ASTM Guidelines (Withdrawn 2022)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this E2122Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With
standard. Caged Bivalves
E2455GuideforConductingLaboratoryToxicityTestswith
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Freshwater Mussels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
SI10IEEE/ASTM SI10 Standard for Use of the Interna-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tional System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric
priate safety, health, and environment
...

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5.1 This procedure can be used to limit the need for screening tests prior to performing a test for estimating the LC50 of a non-reactive and non-electrolytic chemical to the fathead minnow. By eliminating the screening test, fewer fish need be tested. The time used for preparing and performing the screening test can also be saved. The value obtained in this procedure can be used as the preliminary estimate of the LC50 in a full-scale test.  
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5.1 An acute toxicity test is conducted to obtain information concerning the immediate effects on test organisms of a short-term exposure to a test material under specific experimental conditions. An acute toxicity test does not provide information about whether delayed effects will occur, although a post-exposure observation period, with appropriate feeding, if necessary, might provide such information. Bioavailability of the test substance may also differ between real-world exposures and laboratory exposures due to site-specific water quality conditions (see Guides E1192, E1563, and E2455).  
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5.1 This procedure can be used to limit the need for screening tests prior to performing a test for estimating the LC50 of a non-reactive and non-electrolytic chemical to the fathead minnow. By eliminating the screening test, fewer fish need be tested. The time used for preparing and performing the screening test can also be saved. The value obtained in this procedure can be used as the preliminary estimate of the LC50 in a full-scale test.  
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