iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E2557-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments

Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use as a voluntary standard by parties who wish to undertake the seismic risk assessment of properties. The goal is for users to objectively and reliably compare the financial risks of earthquake damage to buildings, or groups of buildings, on a consistent basis.
This practice is designed to provide requirements for the evaluation of earthquake damage risk so that technical reports prepared for the evaluation and rating of seismic risk of a building(s) will be adequate for use by other entities. Potential users including, but are not be limited to, those making equity investments, lending, and financial transactions, including securitized mortgage lending by mortgage originators, loan servicers, underwriters, rating agencies, and purchasers of bonds secured by the real estate.
The use of this practice may permit a user to satisfy, in part, their requirements for due diligence in assessing a property’potential for losses associated with earthquakes for real estate transactions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standard-of-care for evaluation and classification of the financial risks from earthquake damage to real estate improvements for use in financial transactions. As such, this practice permits a user to satisfy, in part, their real estate transaction due-diligence requirements with respect to assessing and characterizing a property's potential losses from earthquakes. This practice is intended to address only physical damage to the property from site and building response.
1.1.1 Hazards addressed in this practice include earthquake ground shaking, earthquake-caused site instability, including faulting, subsidence, settlement landslides and soil liquefaction, earthquake-caused tsunamis and seiches, and earthquake-caused flooding from dam or dike failures.
1.1.2 Earthquake-caused fires and toxic materials releases are not hazards considered in this practice.
1.1.3 This practice does not purport to provide for the preservation of life safety, or prevention of building damage associated with its use, or both.
This practice does not address requirements of any federal, state, or local laws and regulations of building construction or maintenance. Users are cautioned that current federal, state, and local laws and regulations may differ from those in effect at the times of construction or modification of the building(s), or both.
This practice does not address the contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent Users of PML reports or between providers who prepared the report and those who would like to use such prior reports.
This practice does not address the contractual and legal obligations between a provider and a user, and other parties, if any.
1.1.4 It is the responsibility of the owner of the building(s) to establish appropriate life-safety and damage prevention practices and determine the applicability of current regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Considerations not included in the scope: the impacts of damage to building contents, loss of income(s), rents, or other economic benefits of use of the property, or from legal judgments, fire sprinkler water-induced damage or fire.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
03.060 - Finances. Banking. Monetary systems. Insurance
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.25 - Whole Buildings and Facilities
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2557-16 - Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016

Buy Standard

ASTM E2557-07 - Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence AssessmentsASTM E2557-07 - Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E2557-07 - Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments
English language
5 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2557 − 07 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Practice for
Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake
1,2
Due-Diligence Assessments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope practices and determine the applicability of current regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice establishes standard-of-care for evaluation
and classification of the financial risks from earthquake dam- 1.2 Considerations not included in the scope: the impacts of
age to real estate improvements for use in financial transac- damage to building contents, loss of income(s), rents, or other
tions. As such, this practice permits a user to satisfy, in part, economic benefits of use of the property, or from legal
their real estate transaction due-diligence requirements with judgments, fire sprinkler water-induced damage or fire.
respect to assessing and characterizing a property’s potential
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
losses from earthquakes. This practice is intended to address
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
only physical damage to the property from site and building
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
response.
and are not considered standard.
1.1.1 Hazards addressed in this practice include earthquake
ground shaking, earthquake-caused site instability, including
2. Referenced Documents
faulting, subsidence, settlement landslides and soil
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
liquefaction, earthquake-caused tsunamis and seiches, and
E2026 Guide for Seismic Risk Assessment of Buildings
earthquake-caused flooding from dam or dike failures.
4
2.2 Other Standards:
1.1.2 Earthquake-caused fires and toxic materials releases
UBC-97 Unifrom Building Code, 1997 Edition
are not hazards considered in this practice.
International Building Code 2006 Edition
1.1.3 This practice does not purport to provide for the
5
2.3 ASCE Standards:
preservation of life safety, or prevention of building damage
ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
associated with its use, or both.
Structures
1.1.3.1 This practice does not address requirements of any
ASCE 31 Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings
federal, state, or local laws and regulations of building con-
ASCE 41 Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings
struction or maintenance. Users are cautioned that current
federal, state, and local laws and regulations may differ from
3. Terminology
those in effect at the times of construction or modification of
3.1 See also definitions in Guide E2026.
the building(s), or both.
3.2 DBE, n—Design Basis Earthquake, as defined in Guide
1.1.3.2 This practice does not address the contractual and
E2026.
legal obligations between prior and subsequent Users of PML
reports or between providers who prepared the report and those
3.3 lateral load-resisting system, n—Lateral Load Resisting
who would like to use such prior reports.
System, as defined in Guide E2026.
1.1.3.3 This practice does not address the contractual and
3.4 MCE, n—Maximum Capable Earthquake as defined in
legal obligations between a provider and a user, and other
Guide E2026.
parties, if any.
3.5 PML, n—Term historically used to characterize building
1.1.4 It is the responsibility of the owner of the building(s)
damageability in earthquakes.
to establish appropriate life-safety and damage prevention
1 3
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Whole Buildings and Facilities. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. DOI: 10.1520/ the ASTM website.
4
E2557-07. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
2
Portions of this publication reproduce content from the 1997 Uniform Building Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
5
Code, International Code Council, Inc. Falls Church, Virginia. Reproduced with Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander
permission. All rights reserved. Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 -----
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E3372-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Schedule Performance Index, Schedule Beta (βs)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The schedule beta (βs) approach produces informational elements: Overall (or composite) schedule beta (βs), schedule beta upside (βs+), and schedule beta downside (βs–)—representing the quantitative components, and the qualitative insight (“early warning”) into the propensity for directional schedule performance for individual schedule participants.  
5.1.1 The quantitative component of schedule beta (βs) (inclusive of the upside and downside subvariants) is an index value that depicts schedule participant’s magnitude and direction of movement as compared to the overall project at an assigned value of 1.0, for example, a βs = +2.5 connotes performance of a schedule participant that moves in the same direction as the collection of completed projects at a rate of 2.5 units (schedule days) for each single unit (schedule day) experienced at the overall project level.  
5.1.2 The qualitative component of schedule beta (βs) (inclusive of the upside and downside subvariants) provides insight as a cautionary and predictive signal depicting the ability for an individual schedule participant to perform in-keeping with the initially-established as-planned schedule duration(s).  
5.2 Schedule beta (βs) also depicts the overall status or health (performing well or not) of a market sector, location and/or trade. Consistent larger schedule beta (βs) values are indicative of external elements (risks) impacting all participants sharing common attribute(s) (that is, trade, location, market sector, etc.).  
5.3 Schedule beta (βs) measures current schedule participant performance. As a rolling value (for example, calculated for projects completed during the two most recently completed full calendar years), it depicts the schedule performance ability of the schedule participant. See Note 1.
Note 1: Schedule Data Source and Usage—Schedule beta (βs) (inclusive of the upside and downside subvariants) utilizes schedule data from any schedule calculation method that depicts individ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers schedule beta (βs), which measures construction project participant schedule performance versus that of the overall completed project and is based on beta (β) from financial portfolio theory for measuring the correlation between individual stock performance and that of the overall stock market.2 By correlating the delta of actual activity performance (“as-built”) minus that originally scheduled (“as-planned”) to the delta of as-built minus as-planned for the overall completed project for a participant’s collection of projects over a specified period of time, a schedule performance index is established in a similar manner as the aforementioned beta (β) of an individual stock.  
1.2 Schedule beta (βs) measures, as a unitless index value, schedule participant (“subcontractor’s”) performance—ahead or behind—as-planned duration as correlated to its respective overall project’s schedule performance.  
1.3 Schedule beta (βs) is measured with input from at least two (2) independent (mutually exclusive) projects that have reached completion, within the defined period of observation.  
1.4 Schedule beta (βs) is measured across a standard predetermined period of time, in similar fashion to that of the insurance industry’s experience modification rate’s (EMR) most recent two (2) complete calendar years within the past thirty-six (36) months.  
1.5 Schedule beta (βs) evaluates schedule participant’s (“subcontractor’s”) most recent performance, not its complete history, such that is it indicative of current performance and contemporary influences—market, geographic, industry trade, etc.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This internation...

  • Guide
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1121-15(2020)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The payback method is part of a family of economic evaluation methods that provide measures of economic performance of an investment. Included in this family of evaluation methods are life-cycle costing, benefit-to-cost and savings-to-investment ratios, net benefits, and internal rates of return.  
5.2 The payback method accounts for all monetary values associated with an investment up to the time at which cumulative net benefits, discounted to present value, just pay off initial investment costs.  
5.3 Use the method to find if a project recovers its investment cost and other accrued costs within its service life or within a specified maximum acceptable payback period (MAPP) less than its service life. It is important to note that the decision to use the payback method should be made with care. (See Section 11 on Limitations.)
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a recommended procedure for calculating and applying the payback method in evaluating building designs and building systems.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3035-15(2020)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Facility Asset Component Tracking System (FACTS)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification defines building elements as major assemblies, components, and attributes common to real property assets and sitework. Elements perform given functions, regardless of the design specification, construction method, materials or products used. (See Terminology E1480, Classifications E1557 and E1670, and Practice E2675.)  
4.2 The classification aligns products to specific functional elements and/or sub-element to enable the development of specialized maintenance procedures. (See Practices E2452, E2604, and E2675.)  
4.3 This alignment will help streamline warehousing requirements and enable functional business units to use a common nomenclature. (See Terminology E1480 and Practice E2452.)  
4.4 The classification will lead to more effective life cycle management of the operation, maintenance and cost of the asset by linking activities and participants in an asset‘s full life-cycle, from initial planning through construction, operations, maintenance, repair, modernization, and disposal. (See Practices E917 and E1334, Classification E1670, Practice E1946, and Guide E2506). See Fig. 1 for life cycle application of FACTS.
FIG. 1 Life Cycle Application of FACTS  
4.5 The benefits of the life cycle application of FACTS are:  
4.5.1 Maintain project tracking and transparency through all phases of project lifecycle.  
4.5.2 Continue to develop requirements and information tracked as processes evolve.  
4.5.3 Inform future projects, policies, processes, and guidance with lessons learned/best practices.  
4.6 The users of this classification include owners, architects and engineers, developers, property managers, asset managers, project managers, operation and maintenance staff, cost estimators, construction contractors, and database administrators. (See Guide E1369, Terminology E1480, Guide E2156, and Practice E2812.)  
4.7 Application of this classification (FACTS) provides for value-added activities that cannot be derived from using a solel...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard (FACTS) establishes a classification of building and sitework elements and components, and their associated functions, attributes, and products. Elements, as defined here, are major assemblies and components common to buildings and sitework. Elements usually perform given functions, regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used. The attribute classification will lead to more effective management of the operation, maintenance, and life cycle cost of the asset.  
1.2 The classification:  
1.2.1 Incorporates Levels 1, 2, and 3 from Classification E1557:
1.2.1.1 Major Group Element (Classification E1557 Level 1).
1.2.1.2 Group Element (Classification E1557 Level 2).
1.2.1.3 Element (Classification E1557 Level 3).  
1.2.2 Establishes sub-elements at Levels 4 and beyond:
1.2.2.1 Because the main objective is content and not specifically rigid structure, levels beyond those established in Classification E1557 are not balanced.
1.2.2.2 Products and characteristics are introduced at varying levels, depending on the appropriate element and elemental function.
1.2.2.3 Functional elements are aligned with products and product characteristics.  
1.2.3 Incorporates the noun-adjective-attribute relationship between elements, elemental function and the associated products and characteristics.  
1.2.4 This approach identifies specific products that will support the element at its functional level. However, the classification permits the introduction of additional products necessitated due to higher order requirements, such as but not limited to:
(1) Asset type
(2) Asset function
(3) Asset conditions
(4) Building code requirements  
1.3 The classification seeks to define a larger universe of attributes, products, and characteristics that may define its functional use and life cycle cost.  
1.4 The classification also provides a logical database structure for the...

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2557-16a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use as a voluntary standard by parties who wish to undertake the seismic risk assessment of properties. The goal is for users to objectively and reliably compare the financial risks of earthquake damage to buildings, or groups of buildings, on a consistent basis.  
5.2 This practice is designed to provide requirements for the evaluation of earthquake damage risk so that technical reports prepared for the evaluation and rating of seismic risk of a building(s) will be adequate for use by other entities. Potential users including, but are not be limited to, those making equity investments, lending, and financial transactions, including securitized mortgage lending by mortgage originators, loan servicers, underwriters, rating agencies, and purchasers of bonds secured by the real estate.  
5.3 The use of this practice may permit a user to satisfy, in part, their requirements for due diligence in assessing a property's potential for losses associated with earthquakes for real estate transactions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standard-of-care for evaluation and classification of the financial risks from earthquake damage to real estate improvements for use in financial mortgage transactions and capital investment evaluation. As such, this practice permits a user to satisfy, in part, their real estate transaction due-diligence requirements with respect to assessing and characterizing a property’s potential losses from earthquakes. This practice is intended to address only physical damage to the property from site and building response.  
1.1.1 Hazards addressed in this practice include earthquake ground shaking, earthquake-caused site instability, including faulting, subsidence, settlement landslides and soil liquefaction, earthquake-caused tsunamis and seiches, and earthquake-caused flooding from dam or dike failures.  
1.1.2 Earthquake-caused fires and toxic materials releases are not hazards considered in this practice.  
1.1.3 This practice does not purport to provide for the preservation of life safety, or prevention of building damage associated with its use, or both.
1.1.3.1 This practice does not address requirements of any federal, state, or local laws and regulations of building construction or maintenance. Users are cautioned that current federal, state, and local laws and regulations may differ from those in effect at the times of construction or modification of the building(s), or both.
1.1.3.2 This practice does not address the contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent Users of seismic risk assessment reports or between providers who prepared the report and those who would like to use such prior reports.
1.1.3.3 This practice does not address the contractual and legal obligations between a provider and a user, and other parties, if any.  
1.1.4 It is the responsibility of the owner of the building(s) to establish appropriate life-safety and damage prevention practices and determine the applicability of current regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.2 Considerations not included in the scope: the impacts of damage to contents, loss of income(s), rents, or other economic benefits of use of the property, or from legal judgments, fire sprinkler water-induced damage or fire.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3372-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Schedule Performance Index, Schedule Beta (βs)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The schedule beta (βs) approach produces informational elements: Overall (or composite) schedule beta (βs), schedule beta upside (βs+), and schedule beta downside (βs–)—representing the quantitative components, and the qualitative insight (“early warning”) into the propensity for directional schedule performance for individual schedule participants.  
5.1.1 The quantitative component of schedule beta (βs) (inclusive of the upside and downside subvariants) is an index value that depicts schedule participant’s magnitude and direction of movement as compared to the overall project at an assigned value of 1.0, for example, a βs = +2.5 connotes performance of a schedule participant that moves in the same direction as the collection of completed projects at a rate of 2.5 units (schedule days) for each single unit (schedule day) experienced at the overall project level.  
5.1.2 The qualitative component of schedule beta (βs) (inclusive of the upside and downside subvariants) provides insight as a cautionary and predictive signal depicting the ability for an individual schedule participant to perform in-keeping with the initially-established as-planned schedule duration(s).  
5.2 Schedule beta (βs) also depicts the overall status or health (performing well or not) of a market sector, location and/or trade. Consistent larger schedule beta (βs) values are indicative of external elements (risks) impacting all participants sharing common attribute(s) (that is, trade, location, market sector, etc.).  
5.3 Schedule beta (βs) measures current schedule participant performance. As a rolling value (for example, calculated for projects completed during the two most recently completed full calendar years), it depicts the schedule performance ability of the schedule participant. See Note 1.
Note 1: Schedule Data Source and Usage—Schedule beta (βs) (inclusive of the upside and downside subvariants) utilizes schedule data from any schedule calculation method that depicts individ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers schedule beta (βs), which measures construction project participant schedule performance versus that of the overall completed project and is based on beta (β) from financial portfolio theory for measuring the correlation between individual stock performance and that of the overall stock market.2 By correlating the delta of actual activity performance (“as-built”) minus that originally scheduled (“as-planned”) to the delta of as-built minus as-planned for the overall completed project for a participant’s collection of projects over a specified period of time, a schedule performance index is established in a similar manner as the aforementioned beta (β) of an individual stock.  
1.2 Schedule beta (βs) measures, as a unitless index value, schedule participant (“subcontractor’s”) performance—ahead or behind—as-planned duration as correlated to its respective overall project’s schedule performance.  
1.3 Schedule beta (βs) is measured with input from at least two (2) independent (mutually exclusive) projects that have reached completion, within the defined period of observation.  
1.4 Schedule beta (βs) is measured across a standard predetermined period of time, in similar fashion to that of the insurance industry’s experience modification rate’s (EMR) most recent two (2) complete calendar years within the past thirty-six (36) months.  
1.5 Schedule beta (βs) evaluates schedule participant’s (“subcontractor’s”) most recent performance, not its complete history, such that is it indicative of current performance and contemporary influences—market, geographic, industry trade, etc.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This internation...

  • Guide
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2675-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Asset Management System Outcomes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes expected outcomes associated with an asset management system.  
4.2 Understand the difference between performance standards and design standards—these are primarily performance statements versus design statements. What is being measured is achievement, not process.  
4.3 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the outcomes associated with an asset management system. As additional standards are added, comparisons on this basis to other asset management systems can be further enabled.  
4.4 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279, should provide an enhanced basis for making decisions surrounding both assets and asset management systems.  
4.5 This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on the terms and concepts in the outcomes and outcome components. In particular, this practice may suggest a standard for personal and management skills useful in efforts to achieve these outcomes.  
4.6 This practice is to evaluate how robust the asset management system is, and guide future corrections and improvements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes expected outcomes associated with an asset management system. It is a measure of achievement rather than process and is performance oriented rather than design oriented.  
1.2 Outcomes are defined as information, events, objects, or states of being produced as a result or consequence of an objective, plan, process, accident, effort, or other similar action or occurrence and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner.  
1.3 An output measure is the tabulation, calculation, or recording of activity or effort and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner. For example, an output is driving 100 mph; an outcome is arriving safely.  
1.4 An outcome measure is an assessment of the results of a program activity compared to its intended purpose. This practice assumes that inputs are correlated to known or declared outputs of the system or system component being assessed.  
1.5 Consistent with Practice E2452 (EMPM), these outcomes are grouped into process management outcomes and operational outcomes.  
1.5.1 Although they may be directly related, strategies and tactics should not be confused with outcomes. Strategies are long-term plans of action designed to achieve a particular goal. Tactics are maneuvers or actions calculated to achieve some end. For example, increasing exercise is a strategy to attain the goal or outcome of fitness. Running is a supporting tactic to achieve the goal or outcome of fitness. Other tactics or groups of tactics may achieve the same outcome. On the other hand, as the definition of outcome indicates, tactics are not required for attaining outcomes. For example, fitness may be an unplanned result of a job requiring physical exertion.  
1.6 This practice describes the outcomes at a high level, with limited discussion of each outcome or components of each outcome. The intent is to provide a framework for current and potential additional standards. A cross reference relating current standards to the outcomes is provided in Section 5.  
1.7 The outcomes further described in Section 5 are listed in the following:  
1.7.1 Process Management Outcomes:  
1.7.1.1 Outcome 1—Mission Support
1.7.1.2 Outcome 2—Accounting and Accountability
1.7.1.3 Outcome 3—Information Management
1.7.1.4 Outcome 4—Planning
1.7.1.5 Outcome 5—Relationships  
1.7.2 Operational Outcomes:  
1.7.2.1 Outcome 6—Asset Functionality for Intended Purpose
1.7.2.2 Outcome 7—Resource Optimization
1.7.2.3 Outcome 8—Asset Visibility
1.7.2.4 Outcome 9—Safety and Security
1.7.2.5 Outcome 10—Installation, Movement, and Storage  
1.8 In Section 5, a rating scale is provided to quantify in a uniform manner achievement of outcomes and outcome components.  
1.9 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279,...

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2718-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Financial Disclosures Attributed to Climate Change

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Uses—This guide is intended for use on a voluntary basis by a reporting entity that provides disclosure in its financial statements regarding financial impacts attributed to climate change. The degree and type of disclosure depends on the scope and objective of the financial statements. This guide is intended to apply to U.S. and international operations at the discretion of the reporting entity.8 The user should be aware that there may be contractual obligations, court decisions, or regulatory directives that may affect the flexibility in use of this guide. The user should also maintain an awareness of international regulations that may be relevant to disclosures, such as those of the International Accounting Standards Board and International Financial Reporting Standards.  
4.2 Principle:  
4.2.1 The following principles are an integral part of this guide and are intended to be referred to in resolving any ambiguity or dispute regarding the interpretation of financial disclosures regarding financial impacts attributed to climate change.  
4.2.1.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—Although a reporting entity, as of the time when its financial statements are prepared, may have evaluated the existence and extent of financial impacts attributed to climate change, there remains uncertainty with regard to the final resolution of scientific, technological, regulatory, legislative, and judicial matters, which could affect its financial impacts attributed to climate change. Where, as defined by the reporting entity, such uncertainties cannot be eliminated, the reporting entity shall provide its justification. In addition, the reporting entity shall provide estimates of the risks involved regarding uncertainties. Typically, this is accomplished through the development of reasonable scenarios or ranges to recognize and address uncertainties. While one or more climate change uncertainties may be unforeseeable for any reporting period, once recognized, subsequent reports will...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this guide is to provide a series of options or instructions consistent with good commercial and customary practice for climate change-related disclosures accompanying audited and unaudited financial statements. This guide encourages consistent and comprehensive disclosure of financial impacts attributed to climate change.  
1.2 Objective—The objective of this guide is to determine the conditions warranting disclosure and the content of appropriate disclosure.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2676-09(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Tangible Property Mobility Index (MI)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Establish a standard notational and conversational approach to tangible property mobility and related information to enable precision in requirements and results related to movement and tracking.  
4.2 Foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on mobility practice and information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practice and terminology related to information conveying the mobility of tangible property.  
1.2 This practice describes a graduated index depicting in a standard manner the mobility of tangible property, assigning a standard name and index number to each. The index ranges from indiscernible to immovable. The mobility index ranges from MI 0 for non-discernible items to MI 10 for real property.  
1.3 While examples are given of items that may be associated with a particular mobility index number, the intent of this practice does not include rigid prescriptive assignment of items or types of items to specific mobility indexes. Individual entities may make their own assignments based on their judgment unless or until standard practice based on experience using this practice emerges.  
1.4 In conjunction with Practice E2608, entities may base decisions on control classes and control classes in whole or in part based on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.5 In conjunction with Practice E2132, entities may develop their physical inventory plans for classes of items based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.6 In conjunction with Practice E2131, entities may analyze and report their loss, damage, and destruction experience based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.7 There is no existing, recognized practice for recording, discussing, and comparing mobility information.  
1.8 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all tangible property-holding entities.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3035-15(2020)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Facility Asset Component Tracking System (FACTS)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification defines building elements as major assemblies, components, and attributes common to real property assets and sitework. Elements perform given functions, regardless of the design specification, construction method, materials or products used. (See Terminology E1480, Classifications E1557 and E1670, and Practice E2675.)  
4.2 The classification aligns products to specific functional elements and/or sub-element to enable the development of specialized maintenance procedures. (See Practices E2452, E2604, and E2675.)  
4.3 This alignment will help streamline warehousing requirements and enable functional business units to use a common nomenclature. (See Terminology E1480 and Practice E2452.)  
4.4 The classification will lead to more effective life cycle management of the operation, maintenance and cost of the asset by linking activities and participants in an asset‘s full life-cycle, from initial planning through construction, operations, maintenance, repair, modernization, and disposal. (See Practices E917 and E1334, Classification E1670, Practice E1946, and Guide E2506). See Fig. 1 for life cycle application of FACTS.
FIG. 1 Life Cycle Application of FACTS  
4.5 The benefits of the life cycle application of FACTS are:  
4.5.1 Maintain project tracking and transparency through all phases of project lifecycle.  
4.5.2 Continue to develop requirements and information tracked as processes evolve.  
4.5.3 Inform future projects, policies, processes, and guidance with lessons learned/best practices.  
4.6 The users of this classification include owners, architects and engineers, developers, property managers, asset managers, project managers, operation and maintenance staff, cost estimators, construction contractors, and database administrators. (See Guide E1369, Terminology E1480, Guide E2156, and Practice E2812.)  
4.7 Application of this classification (FACTS) provides for value-added activities that cannot be derived from using a solel...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard (FACTS) establishes a classification of building and sitework elements and components, and their associated functions, attributes, and products. Elements, as defined here, are major assemblies and components common to buildings and sitework. Elements usually perform given functions, regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used. The attribute classification will lead to more effective management of the operation, maintenance, and life cycle cost of the asset.  
1.2 The classification:  
1.2.1 Incorporates Levels 1, 2, and 3 from Classification E1557:
1.2.1.1 Major Group Element (Classification E1557 Level 1).
1.2.1.2 Group Element (Classification E1557 Level 2).
1.2.1.3 Element (Classification E1557 Level 3).  
1.2.2 Establishes sub-elements at Levels 4 and beyond:
1.2.2.1 Because the main objective is content and not specifically rigid structure, levels beyond those established in Classification E1557 are not balanced.
1.2.2.2 Products and characteristics are introduced at varying levels, depending on the appropriate element and elemental function.
1.2.2.3 Functional elements are aligned with products and product characteristics.  
1.2.3 Incorporates the noun-adjective-attribute relationship between elements, elemental function and the associated products and characteristics.  
1.2.4 This approach identifies specific products that will support the element at its functional level. However, the classification permits the introduction of additional products necessitated due to higher order requirements, such as but not limited to:
(1) Asset type
(2) Asset function
(3) Asset conditions
(4) Building code requirements  
1.3 The classification seeks to define a larger universe of attributes, products, and characteristics that may define its functional use and life cycle cost.  
1.4 The classification also provides a logical database structure for the...

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1121-15(2020)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The payback method is part of a family of economic evaluation methods that provide measures of economic performance of an investment. Included in this family of evaluation methods are life-cycle costing, benefit-to-cost and savings-to-investment ratios, net benefits, and internal rates of return.  
5.2 The payback method accounts for all monetary values associated with an investment up to the time at which cumulative net benefits, discounted to present value, just pay off initial investment costs.  
5.3 Use the method to find if a project recovers its investment cost and other accrued costs within its service life or within a specified maximum acceptable payback period (MAPP) less than its service life. It is important to note that the decision to use the payback method should be made with care. (See Section 11 on Limitations.)
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a recommended procedure for calculating and applying the payback method in evaluating building designs and building systems.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off