Standard Classification for Bank and Mercantile Vault Construction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification is meant to be a guide for the selection of a vault.  
4.2 This classification is intended to assist users in availing themselves of various prefabricated and generically constructed products, while maintaining continuity in the selected intrusion-resistance level.  
4.3 This classification is not meant to recommend or prefer the use of any single product or any type level, or its application.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is for the use and guidance of those who purchase, design, construct, install, approve, or modify storage vault enclosures, intended for the protection of assets against loss due to forced entry.  
1.2 This classification is a systematic arrangement of constructed products, based on similar intrusion resistance characteristics, as derived from available test data.  
1.3 This classification does not address fire resistivity.  
1.4 This classification does not address the methods of interfacing vault components. Things such as tamper notification, intrusion detection, response timelines, or other issues, typically forming a complete vault system, should be considered for inclusion.  
1.5 Nothing in this classification is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices that provide a level of intrusion resistance equivalent to that prescribed herein.  
1.5.1 Any system, method, or device different from that detailed herein may be examined, in accordance with the intent of this standard, and if found equivalent, may be included.  
1.6 Nothing in this classification shall be construed to prohibit better or safer conditions than the requirements specified herein.  
1.7 Each standard designation cited shall be meant to be the edition in effect on the date this classification was published.  
1.8 A rationale is given in Appendix X1.  
Note 1: For more information on the construction of bank and mercantile vaults, refer to the following documents: ASTM Specifications A184/A184M, A615/A615M, A635/A635M, C33, C94/C94M, C150, C494/C494M, C618, C685/C685M; American Concrete Institute Building Requirements ACI 318, and American Welding Society Structural Welding Code D 1.4.  
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Jan-2015

Relations

Effective Date
15-Jan-2015
Effective Date
01-Apr-2024
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01-Jan-2024
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01-Dec-2023
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01-Jul-2019
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01-Oct-2017
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01-Sep-2017
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01-Aug-2017
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01-Aug-2017
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01-Mar-2017
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01-Aug-2016
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01-Aug-2016
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01-Jul-2016
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016
Effective Date
15-Dec-2015

Overview

ASTM F1090-15: Standard Classification for Bank and Mercantile Vault Construction provides a systematic framework for classifying vaults used in banking and commercial environments. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is designed for professionals involved in the design, construction, procurement, installation, and approval of storage vault enclosures intended to safeguard assets from forced entry. ASTM F1090-15 supports the selection of both prefabricated and generically constructed vault products with consistent intrusion-resistance ratings, ensuring reliable asset protection. This classification does not address fire resistivity or system integration elements such as intrusion detection or tamper notification.

Key Topics

  • Vault Classification: Outlines five primary types: Type M, Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type F, each differentiated by their construction methods and levels of intrusion resistance.
  • Intrusion Resistance: Establishes benchmarks for intrusion-resistant vaults, referencing available test data and third-party validation where applicable.
  • Component Standards: Specifies that every component of a vault must meet or exceed the designated intrusion-resistance level; the lowest-performing element sets the classification.
  • Material Requirements: Details the usage of reinforced concrete, steel fibers, modular panels, and other intrusion-resistant materials, adhering to several relevant ASTM specifications.
  • Permissible Openings: Clarifies limitations on doors, emergency ventilators, HVAC ports, and conduit to maintain the vault’s overall resistance classification.
  • Alternate Methods and Equivalents: Allows consideration of alternate construction methods or devices that achieve equivalent intrusion resistance according to the standard's intent.

Applications

ASTM F1090-15 serves as an authoritative reference for institutions and vendors that need to construct, purchase, or approve security vaults aimed at asset protection against forced entry. Its key applications include:

  • Bank Vaults and Mercantile Storage: Used as a guideline for secure construction in banks, credit unions, retail establishments, and other areas where secure storage is required.
  • Design and Construction Guidance: Assists architects, engineers, and builders in selecting appropriate materials and assembly methods compliant with rigorous intrusion-resistance requirements.
  • Procurement and Compliance: Used by security managers and procurement officers to verify that proposed or existing vault solutions meet necessary security classifications.
  • Modification and Upgrading: Guides facility operators and contractors when upgrading storage enclosures for enhanced security without compromising regulatory compliance.
  • Third-Party Testing and Validation: Encourages the use of independent laboratory testing for modular panels and doors to support product certification and labeling.

Related Standards

Adopting ASTM F1090-15 often requires reference to additional standards to ensure a fully compliant and robust security solution. Relevant documents include:

  • ASTM Standards:

    • ASTM A184/A184M - Welded deformed steel bar mats for reinforcement
    • ASTM A615/A615M - Deformed and plain carbon-steel bars for reinforcement
    • ASTM A820/A820M - Steel fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete
    • ASTM C33 - Concrete aggregates
    • ASTM C39/C39M - Compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens
    • ASTM C94/C94M - Ready-mixed concrete
    • ASTM C150 - Portland cement
    • ASTM C494/C494M - Chemical admixtures for concrete
    • ASTM C618 - Coal fly ash and pozzolan for concrete
    • ASTM C685/C685M - Volumetric batching and continuous mixing
  • UL Standards:

    • UL 608 - Burglary-resistant vault doors and modular panels
    • UL 680 - Emergency vault ventilators and vault ventilating ports
  • American Concrete Institute (ACI):

    • ACI 318 - Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete
  • American Welding Society (AWS):

    • AWS D 1.4 - Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel

Practical Value

By following ASTM F1090-15, stakeholders ensure that their bank or mercantile vault construction achieves reliable intrusion resistance and aligns with industry best practices. The standard's comprehensive classification system simplifies comparison, selection, and regulatory approval processes for security vaults, supporting effective asset protection in high-security environments.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM F1090-15 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Classification for Bank and Mercantile Vault Construction". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This classification is meant to be a guide for the selection of a vault. 4.2 This classification is intended to assist users in availing themselves of various prefabricated and generically constructed products, while maintaining continuity in the selected intrusion-resistance level. 4.3 This classification is not meant to recommend or prefer the use of any single product or any type level, or its application. SCOPE 1.1 This classification is for the use and guidance of those who purchase, design, construct, install, approve, or modify storage vault enclosures, intended for the protection of assets against loss due to forced entry. 1.2 This classification is a systematic arrangement of constructed products, based on similar intrusion resistance characteristics, as derived from available test data. 1.3 This classification does not address fire resistivity. 1.4 This classification does not address the methods of interfacing vault components. Things such as tamper notification, intrusion detection, response timelines, or other issues, typically forming a complete vault system, should be considered for inclusion. 1.5 Nothing in this classification is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices that provide a level of intrusion resistance equivalent to that prescribed herein. 1.5.1 Any system, method, or device different from that detailed herein may be examined, in accordance with the intent of this standard, and if found equivalent, may be included. 1.6 Nothing in this classification shall be construed to prohibit better or safer conditions than the requirements specified herein. 1.7 Each standard designation cited shall be meant to be the edition in effect on the date this classification was published. 1.8 A rationale is given in Appendix X1. Note 1: For more information on the construction of bank and mercantile vaults, refer to the following documents: ASTM Specifications A184/A184M, A615/A615M, A635/A635M, C33, C94/C94M, C150, C494/C494M, C618, C685/C685M; American Concrete Institute Building Requirements ACI 318, and American Welding Society Structural Welding Code D 1.4. 1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This classification is meant to be a guide for the selection of a vault. 4.2 This classification is intended to assist users in availing themselves of various prefabricated and generically constructed products, while maintaining continuity in the selected intrusion-resistance level. 4.3 This classification is not meant to recommend or prefer the use of any single product or any type level, or its application. SCOPE 1.1 This classification is for the use and guidance of those who purchase, design, construct, install, approve, or modify storage vault enclosures, intended for the protection of assets against loss due to forced entry. 1.2 This classification is a systematic arrangement of constructed products, based on similar intrusion resistance characteristics, as derived from available test data. 1.3 This classification does not address fire resistivity. 1.4 This classification does not address the methods of interfacing vault components. Things such as tamper notification, intrusion detection, response timelines, or other issues, typically forming a complete vault system, should be considered for inclusion. 1.5 Nothing in this classification is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices that provide a level of intrusion resistance equivalent to that prescribed herein. 1.5.1 Any system, method, or device different from that detailed herein may be examined, in accordance with the intent of this standard, and if found equivalent, may be included. 1.6 Nothing in this classification shall be construed to prohibit better or safer conditions than the requirements specified herein. 1.7 Each standard designation cited shall be meant to be the edition in effect on the date this classification was published. 1.8 A rationale is given in Appendix X1. Note 1: For more information on the construction of bank and mercantile vaults, refer to the following documents: ASTM Specifications A184/A184M, A615/A615M, A635/A635M, C33, C94/C94M, C150, C494/C494M, C618, C685/C685M; American Concrete Institute Building Requirements ACI 318, and American Welding Society Structural Welding Code D 1.4. 1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.

ASTM F1090-15 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 03.060 - Finances. Banking. Monetary systems. Insurance. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM F1090-15 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM F1090-06, ASTM C94/C94M-24a, ASTM C94/C94M-24, ASTM C39/C39M-23, ASTM C94/C94M-19, ASTM C618-17, ASTM A184/A184M-17, ASTM C94/C94M-17a, ASTM C39/C39M-17b, ASTM C94/C94M-17, ASTM C39/C39M-16b, ASTM C94/C94M-16a, ASTM C39/C39M-16a, ASTM C494/C494M-16, ASTM C94/C94M-15b. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM F1090-15 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F1090 −15
Standard Classification for
Bank and Mercantile Vault Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This classification is for the use and guidance of those
A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar
who purchase, design, construct, install, approve, or modify
storage vault enclosures, intended for the protection of assets Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
A615/A615M SpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
against loss due to forced entry.
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
1.2 This classification is a systematic arrangement of con-
A635/A635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
structed products, based on similar intrusion resistance
Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon,
characteristics, as derived from available test data.
Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength
1.3 This classification does not address fire resistivity.
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General Require-
ments for
1.4 This classification does not address the methods of
A820/A820M Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-
interfacing vault components. Things such as tamper
Reinforced Concrete
notification, intrusion detection, response timelines, or other
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
issues, typically forming a complete vault system, should be
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
considered for inclusion.
drical Concrete Specimens
1.5 Nothing in this classification is intended to prevent the
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
use of systems, methods, or devices that provide a level of
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
intrusion resistance equivalent to that prescribed herein.
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
1.5.1 Any system, method, or device different from that
Concrete
detailed herein may be examined, in accordance with the intent
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
of this standard, and if found equivalent, may be included.
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
1.6 Nothing in this classification shall be construed to
C685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumet-
prohibit better or safer conditions than the requirements
ric Batching and Continuous Mixing
specified herein.
C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and
Shotcrete
1.7 Each standard designation cited shall be meant to be the
2.2 Underwriters Laboratories Standards:
edition in effect on the date this classification was published.
UL 608 Burglary-Resistant Vault Doors and Modular Panels
1.8 A rationale is given in Appendix X1.
UL 680 Emergency Vault Ventilators and Vault Ventilating
NOTE 1—For more information on the construction of bank and
Ports
mercantile vaults, refer to the following documents:ASTM Specifications
2.3 American Concrete Institute Document:
A184/A184M, A615/A615M, A635/A635M, C33, C94/C94M, C150,
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-
C494/C494M, C618, C685/C685M;American Concrete Institute Building
crete
Requirements ACI 318, and American Welding Society Structural Weld-
2.4 American Welding Society Document:
ing Code D 1.4.
D 1.4 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
information only.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
Security Systems and Equipmentand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
F12.10 on Systems Products and Services. Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2015. Published January 2015. Originally Hills, MI 48333.
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1090 – 06. DOI: Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
10.1520/F1090-15. Miami, FL 33126.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1090−15
3. Terminology 5.3.1.1 Nine-inch (23-cm) reinforced concrete, as specified
in 5.4.1 and 5.4.2,or
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.3.1.2 Modular panels bearing the label “Class M” from an
3.1.1 alternate construction—a substitute method of fabri-
independent, third party, accredited testing laboratory, and
cation.
5.3.1.3 Vault door(s) bearing the label “Class M” from an
3.1.2 classification—a systematic rating of products based
independent, third party, accredited testing laboratory,
on testing, according to approved criteria.
5.3.2 Type 1 Vault—Type 1 vault shall be constructed using:
3.1.3 emergency ventilator—a device constructed of
5.3.2.1 Twelve-inch (30-cm) reinforced concrete, as speci-
intrusion-resistant materials for the introduction of fresh air.
fied in 5.4.1 and 5.4.2,or
3.1.4 equivalent—a term applied to two or more methods,
5.3.2.2 Modular panel bearing the label “Class 1” from an
procedures, materials, devices, etc., expected to give the same
independent, third party, accredited testing laboratory, and
average results.
5.3.2.3 Vault door(s) bearing the label “Class 1” from an
independent, third party, accredited testing laboratory.
3.1.5 generic construction—commonly available construc-
5.3.3 Type 2 Vault—Type 2 vault shall be constructed using:
tion materials not protected by trademark registration.
5.3.3.1 Eighteen-inch (46-cm) reinforced concrete, as speci-
3.1.6 heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC)
fied in 5.4.1 and 5.4.2,or
port—a device constructed of intrusion-resistant materials
5.3.3.2 Modular panel bearing the label “Class 2” from an
providing an opening for intake or exhaust of air.
independent, third party, accredited testing laboratory, and
3.1.7 intrusion-resistant—constructed to prevent a success-
5.3.3.3 Vault door(s) bearing the label “Class 2” from an
ful penetration by means and techniques as described in UL
independent, third party, accredited testing laboratory.
608.
5.3.4 Type 3 Vault—Type 3 vault shall be constructed using:
2 2
3.1.8 manhole size opening—a 96-in. (620-cm ) opening,
5.3.4.1 Twenty-seven-inch (68-cm) reinforced concrete, as
the smallest dimension of which is not less than 6 in. (15 cm).
specified in 5.4.1 and 5.4.2,or
3.1.9 modular panel—wall, floor, or ceiling components,
5.3.4.2 Modular panel bearing the label: “Class 3” from an
manufactured of intrusion-resistant material, inten
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1090 − 06 F1090 − 15
Standard Classification for
Bank and Mercantile Vault Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This classification is for the use and guidance of those who purchase, design, construct, install, approve, or modify storage
vault enclosures, intended for the protection of assets against loss due to forced entry.
1.2 This classification is a systematic arrangement of constructed products, based on similar intrusion resistance characteristics,
as derived from available test data.
1.3 This classification does not address fire resistivity.
1.4 This classification does not address the methods of interfacing vault components. Things such as tamper notification,
intrusion detection, response timelines, or other issues, typically forming a complete vault system, should be considered for
inclusion.
1.5 Nothing in this classification is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices that provide a level of intrusion
resistance equivalent to that prescribed herein.
1.5.1 Any system, method, or device different from that detailed herein may be examined, in accordance with the intent of this
standard, and if found equivalent, may be included.
1.6 Nothing in this classification shall be construed to prohibit better or safer conditions than the requirements specified herein.
1.7 Each standard designation cited shall be meant to be the edition in effect on the date this classification was published.
1.8 A rationale is given in Appendix X1.
NOTE 1—For more information on the construction of bank and mercantile vaults, refer to the following documents: ASTM Specifications
A184/A184M, A615/A615M, A635/A635M, C33, C94/C94M, C150, C494/C494M, C618, C685/C685M; American Concrete Institute Building
Requirements ACI 318, and American Welding Society Structural Welding Code D 1.4.
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information
only.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A635/A635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon, Structural,
High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General Requirements for
A820/A820M Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security Systems and Equipmentand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 on
Systems Products and Services.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006Jan. 15, 2015. Published February 2006 January 2015. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 19972006
ε1
as F1090 – 87 (1997)F1090 – 06. . DOI: 10.1520/F1090-06.10.1520/F1090-15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1090 − 15
C685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing
C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete
2.2 Underwriters Laboratories Standards:
UL 608 Burglary-Resistant Vault Doors and Modular Panels
UL 680 Emergency Vault Ventilators and Vault Ventilating Ports
2.3 American Concrete Institute Document:
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete
2.4 American Welding Society Document:
D 1.4 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel
3. Description of Terms Specific to this Standard
3.1 alternate construction—a substitute method of fabrication.
3.2 classification—a systematic rating of products based on testing, according to approved criteria.
3.3 door, vault—a movable barrier assembly constructed of intrusion-resistant materials by which a passageway is closed or
opened.
3.4 emergency ventilator—a device constructed of intrusion-resistant materials for the introduction of fresh air.
3.5 equivalent—a term applied to two or more methods, procedures, materials, devices, etc., expected to give the same average
results.
3.6 generic construction—commonly available construction materials not protected by trademark registration.
3.7 heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) port—a device constructed of intrusion-resistant materials providing an
opening for intake or exhaust of air.
3.8 intrusion-resistant—constructed to prevent a successful penetration by means and techniques as described in UL 608.
2 2
3.9 manhole size opening—a 96-in. (620-cm ) opening, the smallest dimension of which is not less than 6 in. (15 cm).
3.10 modular panel—wall, floor, or ceiling components, manufactured of intrusion-resistant material, intended for assembly at
the place of use, and capable of being disassembled and relocated.
3.11 vault—an intrusion-resistant enclosure, intended for the safekeeping of valuables, and sized to allow entry by at least one
person.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 alternate construction—a substitute method of fabrication.
3.1.2 classification—a systematic rating of products based on testing, according to approved criteria.
3.1.3 emergency ventilator—a device constructed of intrusion-resistant materials for the introduction of fresh air.
3.1.4 equivalent—a term applied to two or more methods, procedures, materials, devices, etc., expected to give the same average
results.
3.1.5 generic construction—commonly available construction materials not protected by trademark registration.
3.1.6 heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) port—a device constructed of intrusion-resistant materials providing an
opening for intake or exhaust of air.
3.1.7 intrusion-resistant—constructed to prevent a successful penetration by means and techniques as described in UL 608.
2 2
3.1.8 manhole size opening—a 96-in. (620-cm ) opening, the smallest dimension of which is not less than 6 in. (15 cm).
3.1.9 modular panel—wall, floor, or ceiling components, manufactured of intrusion-resistant material, intended for assembly at
the place of use, and capable of being disassembled and relocated.
3.1.10 vault—an intrusion-resistant enclosure, intended for the safekeeping of valuables, and sized to allow entry by at least one
person.
3.1.11 vault door—a movable barrier assembly constructed of intrusion-resistant materials by which a passageway is closed or
opened.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126.
F1090 − 15
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This classification is meant to be a guide for the selection of a vault.
4.2 This
...

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