ASTM C1327-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For advanced ceramics, Vickers indenters are used to create indentations whose surface-projected diagonals are measured with optical microscopes. The Vickers indenter creates a square impression from which two surface-projected diagonal lengths are measured. Vickers hardness is calculated from the ratio of the applied load to the area of contact of the four faces of the undeformed indenter. (In contrast, Knoop indenters are also used to measure hardness, but Knoop hardness is calculated from the ratio of the applied load to the projected area on the specimen surface.)
Vickers indentation hardness is one of many properties that is used to characterize advanced ceramics. Attempts have been made to relate Vickers indentation hardness to other hardness scales, but no generally accepted methods are available. Such conversions are limited in scope and should be used with caution, except for special cases where a reliable basis for the conversion has been obtained by comparison tests.
Vickers indentation diagonal lengths are approximately 2.8 times shorter than the long diagonal of Knoop indentations, and the indentation depth is approximately 1.5 times deeper than Knoop indentations made at the same force.
Vickers indentations are influenced less by specimen surface flatness, parallelism, and surface finish than Knoop indentations, but these parameters must be considered nonetheless.
Vickers indentations are much more likely to cause cracks in advanced ceramics than Knoop indentations. The cracks may influence the measured hardness by fundamentally altering the deformation processes that contribute to the formation of an impression, and they may impair or preclude measurement of the diagonal lengths due to excessive damage at the indentation tips or sides.
A full hardness characterization includes measurements over a broad range of indentation forces. Vickers hardness of ceramics usually decreases with increasing indentation size or indentation force. The t...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Vickers indentation hardness of advanced ceramics.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1327 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1327; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 Japanese Standard:
JIS R1610Testing Method for Vickers Hardness of High
1.1 ThistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheVickers
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Performance Ceramics
indentation hardness of advanced ceramics.
2.4 ISO Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ISO6507/2 Metallic Materials—Hardness test—Vickers
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standard. No other units of measurement are included in this test—Part 2: HV0.2 to less than HV5
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 Vickers hardness number (HV), n—an expression of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hardness obtained by dividing the force applied to a Vickers
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
indenter by the surface area of the permanent impression made
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by the indenter.
3.1.2 Vickers indenter, n—a square-based pyramidal-shaped
2. Referenced Documents
diamond indenter with face angles of 136° 00'.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
4. Summary of Test Method
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
4.1 This test method describes an indentation hardness test
ASTM Test Methods
using a calibrated machine to force a pointed, square base,
E384Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of
pyramidal diamond indenter having specified face angles,
Materials
under a predetermined load, into the surface of the material
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
under test and to measure the surface-projected diagonals of
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
the resulting impression after removal of the load.
IEEE/ASTM SI 10Standard for the Use of the International
NOTE 1—Ageneral description of theVickers indentation hardness test
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System.
is given in Test Method E384. The present method is very similar, has
2.2 European Standard:
most of the same requirements, and differs only in areas required by the
special nature of advanced ceramics. This test method also has many
CENENV843-4AdvancedTechnicalCeramics,Monolithic
elements in common with standards ENV 843-4 and JIS R1610, which
Ceramics, Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature,
are also for advanced ceramics.
Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell Superficial Hard-
3
ness
5. Significance and Use
5.1 For advanced ceramics, Vickers indenters are used to
createindentationswhosesurface-projecteddiagonalsaremea-
sured with optical microscopes. The Vickers indenter creates a
square impression from which two surface-projected diagonal
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on lengths are measured. Vickers hardness is calculated from the
Mechanical Properties and Performance.
ratio of the applied load to the area of contact of the four faces
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
of the undeformed indenter. (In contrast, Knoop indenters are
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1327–03. DOI:
10.1520/C1327-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.jp.
5
the ASTM website. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
3
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be. www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1327 − 08
also used to measure hardness, but Knoop hardness is calcu-
lated from the ratio of the applied load to the projected area on
the specimen surface.)
5.2 Vickers indentation hardness is one of many properties
that is used to characterize advanced ceramics. Attempts have
been made to re
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 1327–03 Designation: C 1327 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1327; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Vickers indentation hardness of advanced ceramics.
1.2This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E 177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E380Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System) Practice for Use of the Terms
Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 384 Test Method for Microhindentation Hardness of Materials
E 691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method Practice for Conducting
an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for the Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System.
2.2 European Standard:
CEN ENV 843-4 Advanced Technical Ceramics, Monolithic Ceramics, Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature, Part 4:
3
Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell Superficial Hardness
2.3 Japanese Standard:
4
JIS R 1610 Testing Method for Vickers Hardness of High Performance Ceramics
2.4 ISO Standard:
5
ISO 6507/2 Metallic Materials—Hardness test—Vickers test—Part 2: HV0.2 to less than HV5
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition:
3.1.1 Vickers hardness number (HV), n—an expression of hardness obtained by dividing the force applied to a Vickers indenter
by the surface area of the permanent impression made by the indenter.
3.1.2 Vickers indenter, n—a square-based pyramidal-shaped diamond indenter with face angles of 136° 008.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved Oct.Aug. 1, 2003.2008. Published December 2003.September 2008. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 19992003
as C1327–99.C 1327 – 03.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
3
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
4
Available from Japanese Standards Association, Tokyo, Japan.
4
Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.jp.
5
Available from International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
5
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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C 1327 – 08
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Thistestmethoddescribesanindentationhardnesstestusingacalibratedmachinetoforceapointed,squarebase,pyramidal
diamond indenter having specified face angles, under a predetermined load, into the surface of the material under test and to
measure the surface-projected diagonals of the resulting impression after removal of the load.
NOTE 1—A general description of the Vickers indentat
...
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