ASTM C27-98(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C27 −98 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Classification of
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C27; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
of minerals and refractory materials that are available from the National
1. Scope
Institute of Standards and Technology and other appropriate sources.
1.1 This classification covers machine-made fireclay and
3. Significance and Use
high-alumina refractory brick, and its purpose is to set forth the
various classes and types of these materials in accordance with
3.1 Alumina-silica refractory brick is produced from vari-
their normal and characteristic properties, which are important
ous combinations of alumina and silica-containing materials.
in their use.
These bricks can vary in chemical composition from almost
100 % alumina and little silica to almost 100 % silica and little
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
alumina. It is therefore useful to establish a classification
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
scheme based on physical properties and chemical analysis.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
One group, fireclay brick, is classified based on physical
and are not considered standard.
properties since some overlap of alumina and silica content can
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
occur. A second group, high-alumina brick, is classified pri-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
marily based on alumina content. The classification allows
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
those familiar with refractory materials to group similar
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
products from various suppliers in a standard and consistent
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
manner.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Basis of Classification
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Fireclay Brick are divided into five different classes:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.1 Super duty,
C16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at
4.1.2 High duty,
High Temperatures
4.1.3 Semi-silica,
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
4.1.4 Medium duty, and
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
4.1.5 Low duty.
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
4.2 Thesuper-andhigh-dutyclassesaredividedfurtherinto
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
three types under each class.
lus of Rupture of Refractories
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
4.3 High-Alumina Brick are divided into seven different
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
classes by percent alumina:
Firebrick
4.3.1 50,
4.3.2 60,
NOTE 1—Chemical analysis of refractory products is determined by a
4.3.3 70,
combination of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma
(ICP) using standard reference materials (SRM), including various types 4.3.4 80,
4.3.5 85,
4.3.6 90, and
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
4.3.7 99.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 on The Joseph
E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification.
5. Properties
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C27 – 98 (2018). DOI:
5.1 The properties required for compliance with a class or
10.1520/C0027-98R22.
type are shown in Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summa
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