ASTM D7084-04

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Designation:D7084–04
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Bulk Crush Strength of Catalysts and
Catalyst Carriers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7084; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Arepresentativesampleisplacedinacylindricalsample
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk crush
1 3
strength of a bed of formed catalyst particles ⁄32 to ⁄16 in. (0.8 holder, which is fitted with a piston. The piston is allowed to
to 4.8 mm) in diameter and is intended to provide information compress the catalyst at a known pressure. The percent of
concerning the ability of the catalyst material to maintain generated fines is determined by sieving.
physical integrity.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for 5.1 This test method is a means of determining the crushing
strength of a catalyst in a bed. Techniques to measure the
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the crushing strength of formed catalyst particles is limited to
crushing of individual particles, which may not be related to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- how the catalyst will crush in a reactor or bed. For some
catalysts, such as granules, this technique may be the only
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. viable method for obtaining crushing strength. The production
of fines in a reactor is not desired because of the potential of
2. Referenced Documents
bed compaction and the pressure buildup in the reactor.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Apparatus
D 3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and Catalysis
D 4180 Test Method for Vibratory Packing Density of 6.1 Hydraulic Press, capable of 3200 lb (1450 kg) loading,
including a force gage. Maximum load capacity of the press
Formed Catalyst Particles and Catalyst Carriers
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in should match with the accuracy measuring the applied force.
ASTM Test Methods
NOTE 1—Lower maximum load may be acceptable for testing less
E 456 Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
strong materials.
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
6.2 U.S. Standard Sieves, set (Tyler Equivalent).
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6.3 Test Cell,(Fig. 1).
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—Atop loading cell can be used, but reproducibility of this test
is a function of the volume being crushed and therefore the constant
3.1 Definitions:
volume cell, as shown in Fig. 1, is recommended. A smaller l/d ratio for
3.1.1 See also Terminology D 3766.
the cell will alter the results, and for certain applications, it may be more
3.1.2 bulk crush strength—pressure that generates 1 % fines
,
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desirable.
for a sample contained in a cylindrical sample holder and
6.4 Drying Oven.
crushed with a piston.
6.5 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.1 g.
3.1.3 generated fines—particle size after crushing that
6.6 Glass Cylinders, with 250-mLfeed capacity. Measure in
passes through a sieve one-half of the diameter of the catalyst
accordance with Test Method D 4180.
pellet.
6.7 Vibrator, conventional, handheld, with hard rubber or
metal impactor, in accordance with Test Method D 4180.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on
Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-
Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Bradley, S.A., Pitzer, E., and Koves, W. J., “Bulk Crush Testing of Catalysts,”
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Characterization and Catalyst Development,ACS Symposium Series 411, Bradley,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM S. A., Gattuso, M. J., and Bertolacini, R. J., Eds., 1989, pp. 398-406.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Adams, A. R., Sartor, A. F., and Welsh, J. G., “Problems in Standardizing
the ASTM website. Catalyst Tests,” Chemical Engineering Progress, Vol 71, 1975, pp. 35-37.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7084–04
FIG. 1 Test Cell
6.8 Feed Funnel. screen, use a smaller sieve size. Dry the sample at 673 K for 3
6.9 Desiccator, with grade molecular sieve, such as 4A. h; do not exceed a bed height of 1 in. Cool the sample in a
desiccator.
7. Procedure 3
7.6 Weigh a sample required to fill a volume of 49 cm,as
7.1 Determine the bulk density in accordance with Test
determined in 7.4. Keep the remaining sample in the desicca-
Method D 4180.
tor.
7.2 Weigh 100 mL of the sample and dry at 673 6 15 K
7.7 Fill the cell with the 49-cm dried sample. Tap the cell
(400°C) for 3 h. Cool the sample in a desiccator using freshly
while filling it. Place the entire catalyst sample into the cell.
regenerated 4A molecular sieves as a desiccant.
Place and center the cell into the hydr
...