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ASTM C727-01(2007)e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building Constructions

Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice recognizes that effectiveness, safety, and durability of reflective insulation depends not only on the quality of the insulating materials, but also on their proper installation.
Improper installation of insulation can reduce its thermal effectiveness, cause fire risks and other unsafe conditions, and promote deterioration of the structure in which it is installed. Specific hazards that can result from improper installation include fires caused by (1) heat build-up in recessed lighting fixtures, (2) deterioration or failure of electrical wiring components, and heat build-up resulting from overcurrent protection devices incorrectly matched to wiring; or (3) deterioration in wood structures and paint failure due to moisture accumulation.
This practice provides recommendations for the installation of reflective insulation in a safe and effective manner. Actual conditions in existing buildings may vary greatly and in some cases additional care should be taken to ensure safe and effective installation.
This practice presents requirements that are general in nature and considered practical. They are not intended as specific recommendations. The user should consult manufacturer for recommended applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice has been prepared for use by the designer, specifier, and installer of reflective insulation for use in building construction. The scope is limited to recommendations relative to the use and installation of thermal insulation consisting of one or more surfaces, having an emittance of 0.1 or less such as metallic foil or metallic deposits unmounted or mounted on substrates and facing enclosed air spaces. The reflective insulation covered by this practice must meet the requirements of Specification C 1224.
1.2 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation inspection through post-installation procedure. It does not cover the production of the insulation materials.
1.3 This practice is not intended to replace the manufacturer's installation instructions, but shall be used in conjunction with such instructions. This practice is not intended to supercede local, state, or federal codes.
1.4 This practice assumes that the installer possesses a good working knowledge of the applicable codes and regulations, safety practices, tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of thermal insulation materials. It also assumes that the installer understands the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of insulation.
1.5 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2007
ICS
91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.21 - Reflective Insulation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C727-01 - Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building Constructions
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C727-12 - Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building Constructions
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM C1224-22 - Standard Specification for Reflective Insulation for Building Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007

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ASTM C727-01(2007)e1 - Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building ConstructionsASTM C727-01(2007)e1 - Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building Constructions
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ASTM C727-01(2007)e1 - Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building Constructions
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: C727 – 01 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building
Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C727; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Sections 2, 3.2.5, 5.1, 7.2, and footnotes 4 and 5 were editorially corrected in April 2007.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice has been prepared for use by the designer, 2.1 ASTM Standards:
specifier, and installer of reflective insulation for use in C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
building construction. The scope is limited to recommenda- C1224 Specification for Reflective Insulation for Building
tions relative to the use and installation of thermal insulation Applications
consisting of one or more surfaces, having an emittance of 0.1 E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
or less such as metallic foil or metallic deposits unmounted or Materials
mounted on substrates and facing enclosed air spaces. The 2.2 NFPA Standards:
reflective insulation covered by this practice must meet the NFPA 31 Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning
requirements of Specification C1224. Equipment
1.2 This practice covers the installation process from pre- NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code
installation inspection through post-installation procedure. It NFPA 211 Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, and Vents
does not cover the production of the insulation materials. 2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
1.3 This practice is not intended to replace the manufactur- 16 CFR 460 Federal Trade Commission Trade Regulation
er’s installation instructions, but shall be used in conjunction Rule: Labeling and Advertising of Home Insulation
with such instructions. This practice is not intended to super-
3. Terminology
cede local, state, or federal codes.
1.4 This practice assumes that the installer possesses a good 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
working knowledge of the applicable codes and regulations, tice refer to Terminology C168
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety practices, tools, equipment, and methods necessary for
the installation of thermal insulation materials. It also assumes 3.2.1 applicator—the person or persons who apply thermal
insulation materials in buildings whether or not such person or
that the installer understands the fundamentals of construction
that affect the installation of insulation. persons have contracted with the owner to perform the work.
3.2.2 conditioned space—any space in a building that is
1.5 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The SI units in parentheses are for information served by a heating or cooling system.
3.2.3 owner—the person, partnership, corporation, agency,
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the or other entity owning the building to be insulated whether
such ownership is by virtue of deed, contract, or any other
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- instrument for acquiring legal title under the laws of the state
in which the building is located.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 on Reflective the ASTM website.
Insulation. Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved 2001 as C727 – 01. DOI: Federal Register, Vol 70, No. 103. Available from Department of Housing and
10.1520/C0727-01R07E01. Urban Development, 451 7th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20410.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
C727 – 01 (2007)
the following signs of potential electrical deficiencies: lights dimming,
3.2.4 reflective insulation system—thermal insulation con-
fuses blowing, circuit breakers tripping frequently, electrical sparks and
sisting of one or more low emittance surfaces, bounding one or
glowing from receptacles, lights flickering, and coverplates on switches
more enclosed air spaces.
and outlets that are warm or hot to the touch.
3.2.5 vapor retarder—any material (membrane or paint)
that has a water vapor permeance (perm) rating of 57 ng/ 6.4 In the areas where insulation is to be installed, the
(Pa·s·m ) (1 perm) or less, in accordance with Test Methods applicatorshalllocateandplanforsubsequentblockingaround
E96/E96M, using the desiccant method. recessed lighting fixtures, motors, fans, blowers, heaters, flues,
chimneys, and other heat-producing electrical or mechanical
4. Significance and Use
devices.
4.1 This practice recognizes that effectiveness, safety, and 6.4.1 Securely fasten blocking, such as wood, metal, or
durability of reflective insulation depends not only on the
unfaced mineral wool batts, around all heat-producing devices
quality of the insulating materials, but also on their proper
to permanently maintain the clearances specified in 6.4.2,
installation.
6.4.3, or the exception in 6.4.4. Install all required blocking at
4.2 Improper installation of insulation can reduce its ther-
least as high as the height of the finished insulation and in a
mal effectiveness, cause fire risks and other unsafe conditions,
manner that ensures all devices that require maintenance or
and promote deterioration of the structure in which it is
servicing remain accessible after the insulation is installed.
installed. Specific hazards that can result from improper
6.4.2 Install blocking to provide a minimum three inch (76
installationincludefirescausedby(1)heatbuild-upinrecessed
mm) clearance around all sides of recessed lighting fixtures,
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice recognizes that effectiveness, safety, and durability of reflective insulation depends not only on the quality of the insulating materials, but also on proper installation.  
4.2 There is potential for reduced thermal effectiveness, fire risks and structural deterioration when the insulation is improperly installed. Specific potential hazards from improper installation include fires caused by (1) heat build-up in recessed lighting fixtures, and (2) deterioration in wood structures and paint failure due to moisture accumulation.  
4.3 This practice provides procedures for the installation of reflective insulation in a safe and effective manner. Actual conditions in existing buildings vary greatly and in some cases additional care must be taken to ensure safe and effective installation.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice has been prepared for use by the designer, specifier, and installer of reflective insulation for use in building construction. The scope is limited to recommendations relative to the use and installation of thermal insulation consisting of one or more surfaces, having an emittance of 0.1 or less such as metallic foil or metallic deposits unmounted or mounted on substrates and facing enclosed air spaces. The reflective insulation covered by this practice must meet the requirements of Specification C1224.  
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Standard Practice for Determination of Thermal Resistance of Attic Insulation Systems Under Simulated Winter Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thermal resistance of a ceiling system is used to characterize its steady-state thermal performance.  
4.2 The thermal resistance of insulation is related to the density and thickness of the insulation. Test data on thermal resistance are obtained at a thickness and density representative of the end use applications. In addition, the thermal resistance of the insulation system will be different from that of the thermal insulation alone because of the system construction and materials.  
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FIG. 1 Schematic of Thermal Resistance for a Permeable Attic Insulation Under Simulated Winter Conditions (Heat Flow Up)
Note 1: A constant hot-side temperature (T, hot) is used for both tests and the temperature difference increases as the cold side temperature (T, cold) is decreased. See 5.1.6 for requirements on size of air space.  
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1.1 This practice presents a laboratory procedure to determine the thermal resistance of attic insulation systems under simulated steady-state winter conditions. The practice applies only to attic insulation systems that face an open attic air space.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 This practice presents a laboratory guide to determine the thermal resistance of pneumatically installed loose-fill building insulations for enclosed applications of the building thermal envelope behind netting at mean temperatures between –10 and 35°C (14 to 95°F).  
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1.1 This practice covers standard mean temperatures for reporting thermal properties of thermal insulations, products, and materials, and of related systems and components, both insulated and uninsulated.  
1.2 Thermal properties shall be determined as a function of temperature by standard test methods. (Test Methods C177, C201, C335/C335M, C518, C745, C1114, C1363, Guide C653, and Practice C687, all in combination with Practice C1045.)  
Note 1: Standard referenced materials are needed to span the temperature range of the tests.  
1.3 This practice recommends standard conditions for use in testing and evaluating thermal properties as a function of temperature by standard test methods.  
1.4 General applications of thermal insulations include:  
1.4.1 Building envelopes,  
1.4.2 Mechanical systems or processes, and  
1.4.3 Building and industrial insulations.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the composition and physical properties of rigid polyimide cellular foams intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation in commercial and industrial environments. The polyimide insulations covered are classified into three types (Types I, II, and III) according to closed cell content, and into four grades (Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4) according to density. Type II insulation is further divided into two classes (Classes 1 and 2) according to upper temperature limits. Materials shall be manufactured from the appropriate monomers and necessary ingredients. Specimens shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to the following physical property requirements: apparent thermal conductivity; water and gas permeability; density; percent closed cell; upper temperature limit; high temperature stability; compressive strength; compressive force deflection; water vapor transmission; steam aging characteristics (tensile strength, dimensional and weight changes), corrosiveness; chemical resistance; vertical burn characteristics (flame application and time, burn length, and dripping); specific optical smoke density for both flaming and non-flaming exposures; toxic smoke generation; surface burning characteristics (flame spread and smoke developed indices); combustion by-products (carbon monoxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen cyanide); oxygen index, and 14 scale room burn.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densities from 1.0 lb/ft3 to 8.0 lb/ft3 (16 kg/m3 to 128 kg/m3) and intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation for temperatures from −423°F to +600°F (−253°C to +316°C) in commercial and industrial environments.  
1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marine applications.  
1.1.2 This standard is designed as a material specification and not a design document.  
1.1.3 The values stated in Table 1 and Table 2 are not to be used as design values. It is the buyer’s responsibility to specify design requirements and obtain supporting documentation from the material supplier.  
* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.
NA = Not Applicable
NB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as such are not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.  
* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.
NA = Not Applicable
NB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as such are not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.
Note 1: The subject matter of this material specification is not covered by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard covering the subject of this standard.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical B...

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ABSTRACT
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SCOPE
1.1 The specification covers the physical properties of self-supported spray applied cellulosic fibers intended for use as thermal insulation or an acoustical absorbent material, or both.  
1.2 This specification covers chemically treated cellulosic materials intended for pneumatic applications where temperatures do not exceed 82.2°C and where temperatures will routinely remain below 65.6°C.  
1.2.1 Type I—Material applied with liquid adhesive and suitable for either exposed or enclosed applications.  
1.2.2 Type II—Materials containing a dry adhesive that is activated by water during installation and intended only for enclosed or covered applications.  
1.3 This is a material specification only and is not intended to deal with methods of application that are supplied by the manufacturer.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1374-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Installed Thickness of Pneumatically Applied Loose-Fill Building Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was designed to give the manufacturer of loose-fill insulation products a way of determining what the initial installed thickness should be in a horizontal open attic for pneumatic applications.  
5.2 The installed thickness value developed by this test method is intended to provide guidance to the installer in order to achieve a minimum mass/unit area for a given R-value.  
5.3 For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.
Note 1: For quality control purposes, testing may be done at one R-value of R-19 (h×ft 2×°F/Btu) or higher.  
5.4 Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.  
5.5 The material blown for a given R-value as part of the installed thickness test equals the installed mass/unit area times the test chamber area. This mass can be calculated from information provided on the package label at the R-value prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open attic with horizontal blown applications.  
1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.  
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1919-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measurement of the Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties of Small Specimens Using the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal conductivity measurements on small insulation specimens are important during new product development processes or when larger specimens cannot be collected during forensic investigation (that is, failure analysis) (1, 2).  
5.2 Numerous research projects have recently been initiated to develop insulation materials that have very high thermal resistivities (greater than 83 (m K)/W). Projects ranging from coatings to improve the thermal performance of single pane/layer glazing systems to the development of novel insulation products for building envelopes are being undertaken (1-4). All these projects have struggled in the development of new material technologies due to the difficulty associated with the measurement of thermal conductivity of small sections (approximately 0.025 m by 0.025 m) of high thermal resistance materials. As new materials are being developed, the size of each test specimen impacts the cost of development. Most of the existing test equipment and the methods do not align with the researcher’s need; the equipment requires a large specimen size is time consuming, and expensive to produce.  
5.3 This practice provides a standardized procedure to enable the thermal characterization of small specimens of insulation materials. Accurate, and reliable thermal metrology to assess thermal properties of new insulation materials, such as novel very low thermal conductivity (  
5.4 The ratio of the area of the specimen and the heat flux transducer has a significant impact on the uncertainty of the results obtained from this practice. As the specimen area decreases this ratio decreases, a smaller percentage of the total heat flow is associated with the unknown specimen. Information from the literature (4) shows that some heat-flow-meter apparatus, generally not available commercially and used by the research laboratories only, can be modified to change out the heat flux transducer so that transducers of varying sizes can be deployed. The observat...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the measurement of steady state thermal transmission properties of the small flat slab thermal insulation specimen using a heat-flow-meter apparatus.  
1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use in conjunction with Test Method C518 for testing a small specimen. This practice is limited to only small specimens and, in all other particulars, the requirements of Test Method C518 apply.  
1.3 This practice characterizes small specimens having lateral dimensions less than the lateral dimensions of the heat flux transducer used to measure the heat flow. The procedure in Test Method C518 shall be used for specimens having lateral dimensions equal to or larger than the lateral dimensions of the heat flux transducer.
Note 1: The lower limit for specimen size is typically determined by the user for their particular material. As an example, Ref. (1)2 established a lower limit for specimen dimensions of 0.1 m by 0.1 m for several different thermal insulation materials for a 0.3 m by 0.3 m heat-flow-meter apparatus having a heat flux transducer 0.15 m by 0.15 m.  
1.4 This practice is intended only for research purposes, in particular, when larger specimens are unavailable. This practice shall not be used in conjunction with Test Method C518 for certification testing of products; compliance with ASTM Specifications; or compliance with regulatory or building code requirements.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationall...

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ASTM
ASTM C1199-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems Using Hot Box Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method details the calibration and testing procedures and necessary additional temperature instrumentation required in applying Test Method C1363 to measure the thermal transmittance of fenestration systems mounted vertically in the thermal chamber.  
4.2 The thermal transmittance of a test specimen is affected by its size and three-dimensional geometry. Care must be exercised when extrapolating to product sizes smaller or larger than the test specimen. Therefore, it is recommended that fenestration systems be tested at the recommended sizes specified in Practice E1423 or NFRC 100.  
4.3 Since both temperature and surface heat transfer coefficient conditions affect results, use of recommended conditions will assist in reducing confusion caused by comparing results of tests performed under dissimilar conditions. Standardized test conditions for determining the thermal transmittance of fenestration systems are specified in Practice E1423 and Section 6.2. The performance of a test specimen measured at standardized test conditions is potentially different than the performance of the same fenestration product when installed in the wall of a building located outdoors. Standardized test conditions often represent extreme summer or winter design conditions, which are potentially different than the average conditions typically experienced by a fenestration product installed in an exterior wall. For the purpose of comparison, it is essential to calibrate with surface heat transfer coefficients on the Calibration Transfer Standard (CTS) which are as close as possible to the conventionally accepted values for building design; however, this procedure can be used at other conditions for research purposes or product development.  
4.4 Similarly, it would be desirable to have a surround panel that closely duplicates the actual wall where the fenestration system would be installed. Since there are such a wide variety of fenestration system openings in North American...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers requirements and guidelines and specifies calibration procedures required for the measurement of the steady-state thermal transmittance of fenestration systems installed vertically in the test chamber. This test method specifies the necessary measurements to be made using measurement systems conforming to Test Method C1363 for determination of fenestration system thermal transmittance.  
Note 1: This test method allows the testing of projecting fenestration products (that is, garden windows, skylights, and roof windows) installed vertically in a surround panel. Current research on skylights, roof windows, and projecting products hopefully will provide additional information that can be added to the next version of this test method so that skylight and roof windows can be tested horizontally or at some angle typical of a sloping roof.  
1.2 This test method refers to the thermal transmittance, U of a fenestration system installed vertically in the absence of solar radiation and air leakage effects.
Note 2: The methods described in this document may also be adapted for use in determining the thermal transmittance of sections of building wall, and roof and floor assemblies containing thermal anomalies, which are smaller than the hot box metering area.  
1.3 This test method describes how to determine the thermal transmittance, US of a fenestration product (also called test specimen) at well-defined environmental conditions. The thermal transmittance is also a reported test result from Test Method C1363. If only the thermal transmittance is reported using this test method, the test report must also include a detailed description of the environmental conditions in the thermal chamber during the test as outlined in 10.1.14.  
1.4 For rating purposes, this test method also describes how to calculate a standardized thermal transmittance,  UST, which can be used to compare test results from labor...

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