ASTM E3033-16

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E3033 −16
Standard Guide for
1
Beneficial Use of Landfills and Chemically Impacted Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3033; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Over the last half-century, environmental protection programs have withdrawn from use properties
posing significant adverse human health impacts, yet some with lesser potential impact continue to be
heavilyused[forexample,pedestrian;recreational;oroutdoorentertainment-related,concertaudience
seating] without evaluation. Assessment of environmental conditions for properties undergoing
ownership transfer is now common (and often required), yet those of historic ownership are not
similarly evaluated. This guide serves the need for a forward-looking program that allows a
knowledgeable environmental professional to complete an evaluation of a proposed beneficial use,
utilizing readily available information and her/his professional judgment whether property usage
restrictions are necessary to be protective of human health. Two outcomes of such an evaluation
include finding that the proposed beneficial use is acceptable, or a finding that the proposed beneficial
use request is not acceptable. The environmental professional may condition her/his finding of
acceptability of beneficial use with institutional and engineering controls based on actual or potential
soil chemical concentrations, known background chemical concentrations, and other approaches that
provide a barrier between a chemical and a site user or limit times of use.
1. Scope other engineering and institutional control measures) in place
between actual or potential chemically impacted soil; and/or
1.1 This guide provides a beneficial, acceptable use frame-
(2) time of use restriction(s) established at a waste / chemically
work for the development of: (1) Inactive and pre-RCRA (or
impacted site.
pre-regulatory) solid waste landfillsthatareconsidered orphan
1.3 Additionally provided is instruction on assessing the
or latchkey to be repurposed, despite having offsite migration
terminal conditions at a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill;
impacts of landfill gases and/or leachate, albeit at de minimis
that is, flows of methane below which passive rather than
levels; (2) other types of unregulated waste landfills; (3) sites
active venting is recommended, and flows of leachate of a
impacted by chemical releases; (4) legacy or ongoing,
long-term, consistent quality that is clean enough to allow
intentional, or unintentional fill placement; (5) closed, open, or
direct discharge of the liquid to surface waters. See Appendix
operating post-RCRA landfills or landfills in the planning
X3 for additional information.
stages such that materials may be placed in ways that optimize
a landfill’s use in future years; and (6) underutilized or heavily
1.4 This guide complements solid waste regulatory pro-
used (for example, pedestrian; recreational; or repetitive,
grams where guidance on beneficial usage is unavailable or
entertainment, single event) chemically impacted sites. Also,
insufficient, thereby improving the chance that such sites may
this guide identifies land usage and conditions of adjacent/non-
be repurposed for public and/or private benefit.
waste portions of a landfill (that is, buffer areas not within the
1.5 This guide may be implemented in conjunction with
footprintofanactual landfillor chemically impacted siteitself)
ASTM’s Standard Guide for Integrating Sustainable Objec-
that should be evaluated before a site use is considered
tives in Cleanups (Guide E2876-13) with respect to community
acceptable.
engagement activities. See Guide E2876 for more information.
1.2 Provided herein is instruction on evaluating and judging
1.6 This guide should not be used as a justification to avoid,
the acceptability of: (1) Chemical exposure barrier(s) (and
minimize, or delay implementation of specific cleanup activi-
ties as required by law or regulation.
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ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
1.7 This guide should not be used to characterize (that is,
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil-
environmentally assess) a site for the purpose of ownership
ity of Subcommittee E50.03 on Beneficial Use.
transfer, although it could supplement other environmental
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016. Published April 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
E3033–16 assessments t
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