ASTM D1465-10(2021)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1465 − 10 (Reapproved 2021) Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry
Suggested Method T 652
Standard Test Method for
Blocking and Picking Points of Petroleum Wax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum
Waxes, Including Petrolatum
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the block-
D2423 Test Method for Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or
ing point and picking point of petroleum wax.
Paperboard
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
3. Terminology
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
3.1 Definitions:
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
3.1.1 wax blocking point, n—the lowest temperature at
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
which film disruption occurs across 50 % of the waxed paper
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
surface when the test strips are separated.
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
3.1.2 wax picking point, n—the temperature at which the
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
first film disruption occurs on the waxed paper when test strips
in their location.
are separated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
4. Summary of Test Method
information only.
4.1 Paper test specimens are coated with the wax sample,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
folded with the waxed surfaces together, and placed on a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
blocking plate. The plate is heated at one end and cooled at the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
other end to impose a measured temperature gradient along its
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
length. After a conditioning period on the plate, the specimens
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are removed, unfolded, and examined. The points of initial film
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
disruption (picking point) and where 50 % of the specimen
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
width is disrupted (50 % blocking point) are noted. The
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
temperatures of corresponding points on the blocking plate are
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
reported as the picking point and blocking point or blocking
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
range.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Blocking of waxed paper, because of the relatively low
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperatures at which it may occur, can be a major problem to
D87 Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax
the paper-coating industry. For example, when the waxed
(Cooling Curve)
surfaces in a roll of waxed paper stick together, upon separa-
tion the surface films are marred and the glossy finish is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
destroyed. The wax picking point and the wax blocking point
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Waxes and Alternative Wax-like indicate an approximate temperature range at or above which
Materials. This test method was prepared jointly by the Technical Association of the
waxed surfaces in contact with each other are likely to cause
Pulp and Paper Industry and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
surface film injury.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1465 – 10 (2015).
6. Apparatus
DOI: 10.1520/D1465-10R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Wax Coating Device—Any manual- or machine-driven
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
waxer that gives uniform coatings of the desired weights to a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. strip of paper not less than 51 mm (2 in.) wide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1465 − 10 (2021)
6.2 Trimming Board, or other device for cutting paper strips. 6.6.2 Alternatively, bath temperatures may be monitored
with a calibrated thermometer containing a liquid other than
6.3 Paper Scales, sensitive to 0.002 g, or suitable balance
mercury or an electronic temperature measuring device of
for measuring basis weights of unwaxed and waxed paper.
equivalent precision and accuracy to the thermometers de-
6.4 Blocking Plate Assembly, consisting of a metal plate
scribed in 6.6.1.
305 mm (12 in.) wide, 13 mm to 51 mm ( ⁄2 in. to 2 in.) thick,
and 559 mm to 914 mm (22 in. to 36 in.) long. It is heated at
7. Test Paper
one end and cooled at the other end to provide a 457 mm to
7.1 Paper—Cereal glassine of basis weight 46 g ⁄m to
762 mm (18 in. to 30 in.) test section having an average
2 2 2
51 g ⁄m (28.5 lb ⁄3000 ft to 31.5 lb ⁄3000 ft ).
temperature gradient of 0.8 °C to 2.2 °C (1.5 °F to 4.0 °F) ⁄in.
The temperature gradient across the width of the plate from the
8. Sampling
longitudinal axis to 25 mm (1 in.) from the edge must not
8.1 Select a portion of the wax that is representative of the
exceed 0.3 °C (0.5 °F). The temperature at any point should not
whole sample. The amount required will depend on the size of
vary more than 0.3 °C (0.5 °F). Details of two acceptable
the waxing device used.
blocking plates are given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
6.4.1 Eight Foam Rubber Strips, 25 mm to 38 mm (1 in. to
9. Standardization of Apparatus
1 1 1
1 ⁄2 in.) wide by 6 mm to 13 mm ( ⁄4 in. to ⁄2 in.) thick,
extending the length of the test section on the blocking plate. 9.1 Turn the blocking plate on with all sponge rubber strips
6.4.2 Eight Sets of Steel Weights, 25 mm by 25 mm (1 in. by and metal blocks in position. Allow sufficient time (3 h
1 in.) in cross section made from stock having a density range minimum) for the plate to reach an equilibrium temperature
3 3 3 3
from 7800 kg ⁄m to 8000 kg ⁄m (0.28 lb ⁄in. to 0.29 lb ⁄in. ). condition.
The weights may be in single lengths or in sections to give sets
9.2 Calibrate a 30-gauge “test” thermocouple as follows:
equaling the length of the test section of the blocking plate.
Heat a beaker of water to about 43.3 °C (110 °F) and measure
6.5 Temperature Recorder, or indicator for measuring the its temperature with a temperature measuring device which is
temperature gradient of the blocking plate. The instrument and accurate to 0.3 °C (0.5 °F). Insert the “test” thermocouple in
thermocouples when calibrated shall consistently be accurate the water and measure the temperature with a manual poten-
to 60.3 °C (0.5 °F). tiometer which is accurate to at least 60.5 °C (61 °F). A
portable precision type potentiometer or a type K
6.6 Temperature Measuring Devices:
potentiometer, both of which are accurate to at least 0.5 °F
6.6.1 Thermometers—For water bath and wax bath on the
(0.3 °C) in this temperature range, is preferred.
waxing device, use two ASTM Tag Closed Tester Thermom-
eters having a range from –5 °C to 110 °C (20 °F to 230 °F), 9.3 Lay the calibrated “test” thermocouple across the width
graduated in 0.5 °C (1 °F) subdivisions, and conforming to of the plate with its junction directly over one of the imbedded
Thermometer 9C or 9F as prescribed in Specification E1. thermocouples. Be sure that one of the sponge rubber strips
FIG. 1 Type A Blocking Plate
D1465 − 10 (2021)
FIG. 2 Type B Blocking Plate
2 2 2
covers the junction completely. Replace the weights on the (4 lb ⁄3000 ft to 6 lb ⁄3000 ft
...