ASTM D906-98

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Designation: D 906 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type
Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 906; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and
the purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order
to ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the
manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of
the following variables:
(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
( 5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the bond line, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
A range may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
parative shear strengths of adhesives in plywood-type con-
struction, when tested on a standard specimen and under
2. Referenced Documents
specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesives
D 143 Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Tim-
used in bonding wood to wood.
ber
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information purposes only.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this test method are defined
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in Terminology D 907.
3.1.1 plywood, n—a panel generally flat built up of layers of
veneer called plies, united under pressure by an adhesive to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
Adhesives.
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
published as D 906 – 47 T. Last previous edition D 906 – 94a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 906
create a panel with the bond between the plies as strong as, or 6. Test Specimens
stronger than, the wood, and that has the following character-
6.1 The test specimens shall conform to the form and
istics: (1) is constructed of an odd number of layers with grain
dimensions shown in Fig. 2. The specimens shall be cut from
of adjacent layers perpendicular, (2) with a layer consisting of
test panels prepared as described in Sections 7 and 8.
either a single ply or two or more plies laminated with parallel
6.2 At least 40 specimens, representing at least five different
grain direction, and (3) with outer layers and all odd numbered
panels, shall be prepared, selected and tested as prescribed in
layers generally having the grain direction oriented parallel to
Sections 9 and 10.
the long dimension of the panel.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Generally, the grain of one or more
7. Preparation and Test Panels
plies is approximately at right angles to the other plies, and
7.1 The standard substrate for this test method is 1.6–mm
almost always an odd number of plies are used.
(1/16–in.) thick rotary-cut or sliced veneer of sweet birch
3.1.2 shear, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, stress, strain
(Betula lenta) or yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). Any
or failure resulting from applied forces that tend to cause
other thickness or species of veneer may be substituted upon
adjacent planes of a body to slide parallel in opposite direc-
written agreement between the party requesting this test and
tions.
the manufacturer of the adhesive. Select veneer that is free of
defects such as knots or distorted grain around knots, cracks,
4. Significance and Use
short grain (fibers out of plane), rough surfaces, or unusual
discoloration that would indicate decay. Do not sand the
4.1 The way adhesives are used in plywood makes shear
strength an important performance criteria. veneer.
7.2 Cut the selected veneer into a size suitable for pressing
4.2 Shear strength measured by this test is suitable for use in
and for cutting specimens with minimal waste. Allow at least
adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and in
⁄2-in. (13 mm) for trim around the edges.
materials performance specifications.
NOTE 1—When cutting the veneer to size, ensure that the fiber direction
5. Apparatus
is parallel and perpendicular to the edges. Appearances may be deceptive.
If there is any question, the fiber direction should be checked with an
5.1 The testing machine shall be adjusted to a loading rate
scratch awl.
of between 4535 and 7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min). Where
7.3 Condition the veneer to within 61 % of the moisture
the testing machine is adjusted by rate of crosshead movement
content recommended by the adhesive manufacturer or the
rather than load application rate, an appropriate head move-
party requesting this test. In the absence of any guideline,
ment rate shall be selected so as to yield an average load
condition the veneer to 10 to 12 % moisture content based on
application rate in the 4535 to 7560 g/s (600 to 1000 lb/
...