ASTM D4640-86(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Stroke Cure Time of Thermosetting Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins
Standard Test Method for Determining Stroke Cure Time of Thermosetting Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time.
4.2 When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-May-2022
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.33 - Polymers and Resins
Overview
ASTM D4640-86(2022): Standard Test Method for Determining Stroke Cure Time of Thermosetting Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins establishes a definitive laboratory procedure to measure the stroke cure time of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin samples. This standard is key for assessing the cure rate of resin systems at specified temperatures, supporting reliable process control and quality assurance in manufacturing and research environments. By tracking the time required for a resin to transform from a fluid to a solid, immovable mass, this method helps stakeholders compare curing characteristics, optimize production parameters, and verify resin performance.
Key Topics
- Scope and Applicability: The method is applicable to all thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins, allowing determination of cure rate at any selected temperature.
- Stroke Cure Time Measurement: Stroke cure time is defined as the period, in seconds, during which a resin on a hot plate (held at a controlled temperature) ceases to adhere to the spatula and sticks only to the plate.
- Testing Apparatus:
- Electric hot cure plate with a smooth, temperature-controlled surface
- Stainless spatula for specimen manipulation
- Stopwatch for accurate time measurement
- Brass, straight-edged putty knife for removal of cured resin
- Procedure Highlights:
- Spread a known mass of resin on the hot plate at the desired test temperature.
- Continuously stroke the resin with a spatula until it transitions to a non-adhesive, hard mass.
- Record the elapsed time to determine cure rate.
Applications
- Process Control: Manufacturers use this test method as a production control tool to monitor and adjust polymerization times, ensuring that each batch meets predefined cure benchmarks.
- Quality Assurance: The standard helps in verifying resin consistency, enabling comparison among different resin batches or manufacturers based on cure times.
- Research and Product Development: Product developers can evaluate performance and optimize formulations by measuring cure rates under multiple controlled conditions. By plotting cure time versus temperature for various resins, comparative analyses become possible, aiding selection of resins for specific end-use requirements.
- Compliance and Specifications: Laboratories and quality teams use the method to document compliance with customer or regulatory demands regarding resin performance.
Related Standards
- ASTM D4029 - Test Method for Determining Gel Time of Thermosetting Resins
- ASTM D2471 - Test Method for Gel Time and Peak Exothermic Temperature of Reacting Thermosetting Resins
- ISO 9396 - Plastics - Phenolic resins - Determination of curing characteristics
Practical Value
Adherence to ASTM D4640 streamlines process validation and ensures reproducibility in the curing process for thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins. This standardized test method is essential for any operation relying on thermosetting resins, including wood adhesives, molded components, friction materials, and laminates. It supports data-driven decision-making, regulatory compliance, and enhanced end-product reliability.
Keywords: stroke cure time, thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins, resin cure rate, ASTM D4640, process control, quality assurance, polymerization time, resin testing
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ASTM D4640-86(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determining Stroke Cure Time of Thermosetting Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D4640-86(2022) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Determining Stroke Cure Time of Thermosetting Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time. 4.2 When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time. 4.2 When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4640-86(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.080.10 - Thermosetting materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D4640-86(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4640 − 86 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Stroke Cure Time of Thermosetting Phenol-
Formaldehyde Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 When the cure times are determined at several tempera-
tures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure
can be compared for curing characteristics.
rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-
formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to
5. Apparatus
make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass
indicates speed of cure.
5.1 Electric Hot Cure Plate, with a smooth surface free of
rough spots with adjustable control to hold the temperature
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
within 3.5 °F (2 °C) (Note 1).
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 7
5.2 Spatula,3by ⁄16 in. (75 by 10 mm), stainless.
and are not considered standard.
5.3 Stopwatch.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.4 Knife, brass, putty with straight edge.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 6. Procedure
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Adjust the hot plate to the desired test temperature.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- NOTE 1—Usual temperatures are 300 °F (150 °C), 320 °F (160 °C), and
330 °F (165 °C).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6.2 Place an approximately 0.5-g specimen on the hot plate
2 2
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and spread over an approximately 2-in. (130-mm ) area with
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a clean spatula as quickly as possible. Start the stopwatch
immediately upon adding the specimen to the hot plate, then
2. Terminology
stroke steadily across the specimen in alternating smoothing
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and patting motions.
2.1.1 stroke cure time, n—the time required for a resin being
6.3 As the resin approaches the cured stage, it becomes
held at a specified temperature on a hot plate and being stroked
more viscous and stringy. Stop the stopwatch when the resin on
with a spatula, to adhere to the hot plate and not to the spatula.
the hot plate a
...




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