ASTM D6306-98(2003)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D6306–98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Guide for
Placement and Use of Diffusion Controlled Passive Monitors
for Gaseous Pollutants in Indoor Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide covers the placement and use of diffusion 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide
controlled monitors in the indoor atmosphere. refer to Terminology D1356.
1.2 Diffusion controlled passive monitors within this guide 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
include both area and personal monitors for use in residences, 3.2.1 passive monitor—a diffusion controlled air monitor
public buildings, offices, and other non-industrial workplaces that does not utilize electrical or mechanical power in order to
and dwelling environments. A passive monitor is any air supply air to the sorbent media or chemical reactant within the
monitor that does not utilize electrical or mechanical power in monitor. These monitors may be worn by an individual
order to supply air to the sorbent media or chemical reactant (personal passive monitor) or used as sampling devices within
within the monitor and sample according to Fick’s first law of specific locations (area passive monitor).
diffusion.
4. Summary of Guide
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to ensure uniformity of
4.1 Contaminants in air are sampled by collection with a
sampling within a variety of indoor environments and to
facilitate comparison of results. sorbent or chemically reactive medium in order to undergo
subsequent analysis for determination of concentration. Con-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the taminants in air are transported to the sorption medium or
reacting chemical through vapor or gas diffusion. During the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- sampling process, the compounds, in a molecular state, diffuse
from the environment adjacent to the sampler through a first
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
region of defined geometric structure and into a second
2. Referenced Documents
adsorbing region containing the sorbent.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.2 Guidance is provided for the placement, handling, and
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of use of passive air monitors within an indoor environment.
Atmospheres
5. Significance and Use
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
Atmosphere 5.1 Theobjectiveofthisguideistoprovideguidanceforthe
placement and use of passive monitors that when uniformly
D4597 Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to
Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive applied enables the user to eliminate many interferences in the
sampling of indoor air. Since the analysis of the indoor
Samplers
D3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and environment by passive air monitors is influenced by many
factors other than the method of sampling, efforts are made to
Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
minimize interfering factors and maintain the air at conditions
typical of the measurement location within the vicinity of the
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Sampling
passive air monitor. However, when performing diagnostic or
and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
special measurements, non-typical indoor air environment
D22.05 on Indoor Air.
conditionsmaybedesirableorrequired.Thus,theobjectivesof
CurrenteditionapprovedOctober1,2003.PublishedNovember2003.Originally
a sampling study may determine the conditions needed for
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D6306 - 98. DOI:
10.1520/D6306-98R03.
sampling.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Passive sampling provides for time integrated measure-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ments. Passive monitors are usually placed in an indoor
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. environment over a time period to obtain a cumulative sample;
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6306–98 (2003)
hence, interfering factors should be anticipated and eliminated ing proper location and sampling procedures.Aform should be
where possible. Passive monitors often lack the sensitivity to included for easy collection of occupant information necessary
measure short-term peak concentrations. for log-book entries.
7.5 If the monitor is deployed for other than a screening
5.3 With suitable instruction regarding placement of passive
measurement, the monitor should be placed by an experienced
monitors, placement and retrieval of the monitors can be
professional familiar with the monitor used. For specific
performed by unskilled personnel (for example, occupants).
diagnostic measurements, a deviation from the guidelines in
this document is permissible.
6. General Principles
7.6 Recovery of the Passive Monitor:
6.1 The choice of a passive monitor, characteristics of the
7.6.1 Thesamplingperiodisterminatedwhenthemonitoris
sampling site, number of sampling points, number of monitors,
sealed and removed from the sampling environment.
and number of sampling periods depends on the objectives of
7.6.2 Recordthetimeanddateformeasurementtermination
the monitoring program.
in a logbook or on any appropriate form and on the monitor
6.2 Passive monitors rely on air currents within an indoor
label. Any damage to the monitor or variation in the monitor
environment for circulation of a representative sample atmo-
placementsincedeploymentshouldbenotedinthelog-bookor
sphere to the vicinity of the monitor. Therefore, it is essential
on any appropriate form.
that air circulation in the vicinity of the sampler be sufficient to
7.6.3 Adequate information should be entered into the
keep the boundary layer thin enough so that the analyte can
logbook to permit interpretation of results and comparison to
diffuse across it, preventing a localized concentration depletion
similar measurements. Any variation in the sampling location,
by the monitor. The adequacy of the sampling is directly
building structure, or building systems should be noted.
influenced by the location and subsequent exposure of the
7.6.4 The monitor should be analyzed within time specifi-
monitor to a representative indoor atmosphere.
cations of the specific monitor used.
6.3 The objective of the study may affect the type of
8. Procedure
monitor selected and the location of placement. In general
8.1 Factors Affecting Use of Passive Monitors:
terms, Practice D1357 will acquaint the user with established
overall study considerations. 8.1.1 Detection Limit—The detection limit for the passive
monitor may preclude obtaining useful results if the concen-
tration in the test area is insufficient to exceed the detection
7. Sampling with Passive Monitors
limit during the minimum sampling duration.
7.1 Inspect the monitor and package carefully. The monitor
8.1.1.1 Minimum Sampling Duration—The duration of
or its protective packaging may have been damaged during
sampling can affect the results obtained. If the concentration in
shipment.Theusershouldnotdirectlycontactthemonitorwith
the air is low, a short sampling time may not produce an
bare skin and, in no case, permit anything to contact the
acceptable mass of sampled material on the monitor. Monitors
sampling face.
may require a minimum sampling duration to achieve repre-
7.2 Calibration of the Passive Monitor—Information relat-
sentative results.
ing to calibration may be found in Practice D4597. These
8.1.2 Accuracy—The accuracy of the monitor selected
documents also provide information relating to the determina-
should be appropriate for the testing purpose. The duration of
tion of the required minimum sampling time.
sampling and the exposure concentration may affect the
7.3 The sampling period begins when lid, cover, or protec-
technically claimed accuracy (see 10.2).
tive container of the monitor is removed to permit sampling by
8.1.3 Precision—Precision of all monitors should be deter-
the monitor.The starting time of the sampling period should be
mined for each use through the application of field blank
transcribed to a log-book or appropriate form and on the
samples, duplicates, and laboratory controls. Five percent of
monitor label. The writing instrument, for example, markers,
the monitors should be held for blanks and 10 % used as
should not provide the potential of contamination to the
duplicates (see 10.2).
monitor. A means of resealing or replacing the monitor lid or
8.1.4 Selectivity—The monitor chosen should be as selec-
cover should be ensured.
tive as possible for the contaminant species and concentration
7.4 The monitor should have a permanently attached iden- range of interest to avoid problems of interference.
tification code or serial number that should be transcribed to a 8.1.5 Interferences—Some passive monitors will measure
log-book or an appropriate form. The logbook should include multiple contaminants as a single integrated result, that is, poor
information describing the location of the monitor and perti- selectivity. The concentration of the interfering species may or
nent information
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