ISO/TC 163/WG 4 - Joint ISO/TC 163 - ISO/TC 205 WG: Energy performance of buildings using holistic approach

This document provides a transparent framework for reporting on the choices related to the procedure to determine primary energy factors (PEFs) and CO2 emission coefficients for energy delivered to and exported from the buildings as described in ISO 52000-1. It does not include considerations on other topics, e.g. nuclear waste, atmospheric particulate matter, deforestation, food and bioenergy competition, depletion of raw material resources, depletion of the soil. This document specifies the choices to be made to calculate the PEFs and CO2 emission coefficients related to different energy carriers. PEFs and CO2 emission coefficients for exported energy can be different from those chosen for delivered energy. This document is primarily intended for supporting and complementing ISO 52000-1 as the latter requires values for the PEFs and CO2 emission coefficients to complete the EPB calculation, however it can also be used for other applications.

ISO/TR 17772-2:2018 deals with the indoor environmental parameters for thermal environment, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustic. It explains how to use ISO 17772‑1 for specifying indoor environmental input parameters for building system design and energy performance calculations. ISO/TR 17772-2:2018: - specifies methods for long-term evaluation of the indoor environment obtained as a result of calculations or measurements; - specifies criteria for measurements which can be used if required to measure compliance by inspection; - identifies parameters to be used by monitoring and displaying the indoor environment in existing buildings. ISO/TR 17772-2:2018 is applicable where the criteria for indoor environment are set by human occupancy and where the production or process does not have a major impact on indoor environment. It explains how different categories of criteria for the indoor environment can be used.

ISO 18523-2:2018 specifies the formats to present the schedule and conditions of zone and space usage (referred to as input data of energy calculations) for residential buildings. The schedule and conditions include schedules of occupancy, operation of technical building systems, ventilation rates, hot water usage, usage of appliances and internal heat gains due to occupancy, lighting and appliances. The schedule and conditions for lighting are applicable to fixed installed lighting fixtures. ISO 18523-2:2018 also gives categories of residential building, zone and space according to differentiating schedule and condition. For residential buildings or its housing units which contain any category of space or zone of non-residential buildings, ISO 18523‑1 applies. Depending on necessary minuteness of the energy calculation, different levels of schedule and condition from the view point of time and space averaging are specified. The values and categories for the schedule and condition are included informatively. NOTE The schedule and condition in this document is basically different from assumptions in order to determine the size of technical building systems in the process of design, where possible largest or smallest values are assumed. Instead, most usual and average values, which are assumed for the building energy calculation, are dealt with in this document.

ISO 52000-1:2017 establishes a systematic, comprehensive and modular structure for assessing the energy performance of new and existing buildings (EPB) in a holistic way. It is applicable to the assessment of overall energy use of a building, by measurement or calculation, and the calculation of energy performance in terms of primary energy or other energy-related metrics. It takes into account the specific possibilities and limitations for the different applications, such as building design, new buildings 'as built', and existing buildings in the use phase as well as renovation. NOTE Table 1 in the Introduction shows the relative position of ISO 52000-1:2017 within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000-1:2017.

The set of EPB assessment standards produces a great number of overall and partial EPB indicators as outputs. ISO 52003-1:2017 provides general insight to both private parties and public regulators (and all stakeholders involved in the regulatory process) on how to make good use of these outputs for different purposes (post-processing). ISO 52003-1:2017 describes the relation between the EPB indicators and the EPB requirements and EPB ratings, and it discusses the importance of project-specific, tailored values as requirement or reference for certain EPB indicators. ISO 52003-1:2017 also includes a couple of possible EPB labels and it lists the different steps to be taken when establishing an EPB certification scheme. ISO 52003-1:2017 provides standardized tables for reporting in a structured and transparent manner the choices that are to be made with respect to overall EPB requirements. The tables are non-restrictive, thus allowing for full regulatory flexibility. ISO 52003-1:2017 does not provide such tables for partial EPB requirements (related to the fabric or technical buildings systems), as this is dealt with in other documents. NOTE Table 1 in the Introduction shows the relative position of ISO 52003-1:2017 within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000-1.

ISO 17772-1:2017 specifies requirements for indoor environmental parameters for thermal environment, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics and specifies how to establish these parameters for building system design and energy performance calculations. It includes design criteria for the local thermal discomfort factors, draught, radiant temperature asymmetry, vertical air temperature differences and floor surface temperature. ISO 17772-1:2017 is applicable where the criteria for indoor environment are set by human occupancy and where the production or process does not have a major impact on indoor environment. It also specifies occupancy schedules to be used in standard energy calculations and how different categories of criteria for the indoor environment can be used. The criteria in ISO 17772-1:2017can also be used in national calculation methods. ISO 17772-1:2017 sets criteria for the indoor environment based on existing standards and reports (listed in Clause 2 and the Bibliography). The document does not specify design methods, but gives input parameters to the design of building envelope, heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting.

ISO/TR 52003-2:2017 refers to ISO 52003‑1. It contains information to support the correct understanding and use of ISO 52003‑1 and does not contain any normative provisions. NOTE The relation with other EPB standards, product standards and product policy is shown schematically in Figure 4 of Clause 6.

ISO/TR 52000-2:2017 refers to the overarching EPB-standard, ISO 52000‑1[1]. It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national implementation of ISO 52000‑1. This includes: - explanation on the procedures and background information and justification of the choices that have been made; - reporting on validation of calculation procedures given in the standard; - explanation for the user and for national standards writers involved with implementation of the set of EPB standards, including detailed examples.

ISO 18523-1:2016 specifies the formats to present schedule and condition of building, zone and space usage, which is to be referred to as input data of energy calculations for non-residential buildings. The schedule and condition include schedules of occupancy, operation of technical building systems, ventilation rate, hot water usage and internal heat gains due to occupancy, lighting and equipment. ISO 18523-1:2016 also gives categories of building, zone and space according to differentiating schedule and condition. Depending on necessary minuteness of the energy calculation, different levels of schedule and condition from the view point of time and space averaging are specified. The values and categories for the schedule and condition are given in annexes for more information for the application when the users of this document do not have detailed information on the values and categories for the schedule and condition. The schedule and condition in this document is basically different from assumptions in order to determine the size of technical building systems in the process of design, where possible largest values are to be assumed. Instead, most usual and average values, which are assumed for the building energy calculation, are dealt with in this document.

ISO 12655:2013 sets out a consistent methodology to present energy use in buildings, which is specified clearly with the energy usage, corresponding boundary and the energy data (presented with original energy carriers or equivalent energy). ISO 12655:2013 is applicable to the presentation of energy use of civil buildings for data collection, metering, statistics, audit and analysis.

ISO 16346:2013 defines the general procedures to assess the energy performance of buildings, including technical building systems, and defines the different types of ratings, and the building boundaries. The purpose of ISO 16346:2013 is to a) collate results from other International Standards that calculate energy use for specific services within a building, b) account for energy generated in the building, some of which may be exported for use elsewhere, c) present a summary of the overall energy use of the building in tabular form, d) provide energy ratings based on primary energy, carbon dioxide emission, or other parameters defined by a national energy policy, and e) establish general principles for the calculation of primary energy factors and carbon dioxide emission coefficients. ISO 16346:2013 defines the energy services to be taken into account for setting energy performance ratings for planned and existing buildings and provides for 1) a method to compute the standard calculated energy rating, a standard energy use that does not depend on occupant behaviour, actual weather, and other actual (environment or indoor) conditions, 2) a method to assess the measured energy rating, based on the delivered and exported energy, 3) a method to improve confidence in the building calculation model by comparison with actual energy use, and 4) a method to assess the energy effectiveness of possible improvements. ISO 16346:2013 is applicable to a part of a building (e.g. flat), a whole building, or several buildings.

ISO 16346:2013 sets out ways of expressing the energy performance in an energy performance certificate of a building (including the technical building systems) and ways of expressing requirements as to the energy performance. This includes an overall numerical energy performance indicator and classes against benchmarks. ISO 16346:2013 additionally includes numerical indicators at system or component level. ISO 16346:2013 defines the different types of rating (such as calculated, measured, design, and tailored rating) and the energy uses to take into account (such as heating, cooling, domestic hot water, ventilation, and lighting). ISO 16346:2013 defines a) overall indicators to express the energy performance of whole buildings, including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, domestic hot water, and lighting systems (this includes different possible indicators), b) ways to express energy requirements for the design of new buildings or renovation of existing buildings, c) procedures to define reference values, and d) ways to design a procedure for building energy certification. Furthermore, it provides a (calculation) link between delivered energy and the energy performance indicators for buildings. Since a building generally uses more than one fuel (e.g. gas and electricity), the different energy sources are collected per energyware. The overall rating is based on a weighted sum of delivered energywares. The weightings can be related to, for instance, primary energy or CO2 emissions to provide the end result of the calculation of energy performance. It also provides calculation procedures to assess the energy performance on the basis of measured energy use, including ways to convert the measured values to values under standardized conditions (environment, user). Finally, it defines the system boundaries needed to make a distinction between building energy needs, technical building systems, energy supply systems on site, and distant energy supply systems.

ISO/TR 16344:2012 provides a coherent set of terms, definitions and symbols for concepts and physical quantities related to the overall energy performance of buildings and its components, including definitions of system boundaries, to be used in all standards elaborated within ISO on energy performance of buildings. These terms and definitions are applicable to energy calculations in accordance with the Technical Report and standards on the overall energy performance of buildings and their components, to provide input to the Technical Report or using output from the Technical Report. They are based on existing terms and definitions from standards and other documents referenced in the bibliography.