ISO/TC 182/WG 2 - Monitoring in Geotechnical Engineering

This document specifies the measurement of pore water pressures and piezometric levels in saturated ground by means of piezometers installed for geotechnical monitoring. General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1. If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674-5, the procedures described in this document allow the determination of effective stresses acting in the ground. This document is applicable to: — monitoring of water pressures acting on and in geotechnical structures (e.g. quay walls, dikes, excavation walls, foundations, dams, tunnels, slopes, embankments, etc.); — monitoring of consolidation processes of soil and fill (e.g. beneath foundations and in embankments); — evaluating stability and serviceability of geotechnical structures; — checking geotechnical designs in connection with the Observational Design procedure. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of piezometers, installed as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References [4] and [5] This document relates to measuring devices, which are installed in the ground. For pore water pressure measurements carried out in connection with cone penetration tests, see ISO 22476-1.

This document specifies the measurement of stress changes by means of total pressure cells (TPC). General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1. If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674‑4, this document allows the determination of effective stress acting in the ground. This document is applicable to: — monitoring changes of the state of stress in the ground and in geo-engineered structures (e.g. in earth fill dams or tunnel lining); — monitoring contact pressures at the interface between two media (e.g. earth pressure on retaining wall; contact pressure at the base of a foundation); — checking geotechnical designs and adjustment of construction in connection with the Observational Design procedure; — evaluating stability during or after construction. Guidelines for the application of TPC in geotechnical engineering are presented in Annex B. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of total pressure cells as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1[1] and EN 1997-2[2].

ISO 18674-3:2017 specifies the measurement of displacements across a line by means of inclinometers carried out for geotechnical monitoring. General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1. ISO 18674-3:2017 also refers to deflectometers (see Annex B) to supplement inclinometers for the determination of horizontal displacements across horizontal measuring lines. NOTE In general, there are two independent displacement components acting across measuring lines. Inclinometers allow the determination of the two components for vertical measuring lines. For horizontal lines, inclinometers are limited to the determination of the vertical component only. If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674‑2, ISO 18674-3:2017 allows the determination of displacements acting in any direction. ISO 18674-3:2017 is applicable to: - checking geotechnical designs in connection with the Observational Design procedure; - monitoring of geotechnical structures prior to, during and after construction (e.g. natural slopes, slope cuts, embankments, excavation walls, foundations, dams, refuse dumps, tunnels); - deriving geotechnical key parameters (e.g. from results of pile load tests or trial tunnelling); - identification and monitoring of active shear planes in the ground. NOTE ISO 18674-3:2017 fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of inclinometers as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References [1] and [2].

ISO 18674-2:2016 specifies the measurement of displacements along a line by means of extensometers carried out for geotechnical monitoring. General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1. If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674‑3, this document allows the determination of displacements acting in any direction. ISO 18674-2:2016 is applicable to: - monitoring the behaviour of soils, fills and rocks; - checking geotechnical designs in connection with the Observational Design procedure; - deriving geotechnical key parameters (e.g. from results of pile load tests or trial tunnelling); - evaluating stability ahead of, during or after construction (e.g. stability of natural slopes, slope cuts, embankments, excavation walls, foundations, dams, refuse dumps, tunnels). NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of extensometers as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References [5] and [6].