CEN/CLC/WS 014 - Manual for calculating Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

IEC/TS 62504:2011 presents terms and definitions relevant for lighting with LED light sources. It provides both descriptive terms (such as 'built-in LED module') and measurable terms (such as 'luminance').

CHP can make significant fuel and emissions savings over conventional, separate forms of power generation and heat-only boilers. The generation of electricity from power stations is generally at efficiencies in the range 30-55%, based on the Net Calorific Value (NCV) or Lower Heating Value (LHV) of the fuel. Further losses occur in the transmission and distribution of electricity to customers. This means that 45-70% of the energy content of the fuel is not usefully employed. This unutilised energy content is rejected as heat directly to the atmosphere or into seas or rivers. The generation of electricity and the recovery of heat in CHP plants typically achieve overall efficiencies of 70-90% and above, corresponding to efficiencies of heat only boilers. The higher the overall efficiency and the power to heat ratio, the more effective the CHP process. Unlike conventional methods of electricity generation, in order to achieve such high overall efficiencies, some of the heat cogenerated in a CHP Scheme is usefully employed in industrial processes or for heating and hot water in buildings. The heat used in this way displaces heat that would otherwise have to be supplied by burning additional fuel in boilers or other direct-fired equipment and so also leads directly to a reduction in CO2-emissions. The development of CHP plays a crucial role in the European energy policy for reducing CO2- emissions. The determination of CHP products (heat and power outputs) is important not only for the CHP Directive [1] but also for the European Emissions Trading Scheme [2], State Aid guidelines for environmental improvement and the energy taxation Directive [3].