F30.01 - EMS Equipment

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications: (1) the transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided, (2) the delivery of interhospital critical transport care, (3) the delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and (4) the transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient. This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of EMS ground vehicles. The oxygen delivery system may be either a gaseous oxygen (GOX) system, or a liquid oxygen (LOX) system. Design and installation of the oxygen delivery system shall meet the requirements specified for: (1) capacity, (2) components such as oxygen piping system, flow control device, oxygen outlet, shutoff device, and secondary oxygen outlet, and (3) oxygen compartment. The oxygen system shall conform to the specified performance requirements including: (1) delivery flowrate, (2) delivery pressure, (3) delivery temperature, (4) temperature conditions such as storage temperature, cold soak, and heat soak, (5) electromagnetic interference, and (6) structural integrity against vibration, acceleration load, and shock load (basic design and crash worthiness). Installation requirements for oxygen piping routing and mounting, as well as flaring and bending, are specified. Design, installation, and pressure test requirements for GOX and LOX systems are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications:  
1.1.1 The transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided,  
1.1.2 The delivery of interhospital critical transport care,  
1.1.3 The delivery of nonemergency, medically required transport services, and  
1.1.4 The transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient.  
1.2 This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of ground vehicles for EMS use.  
1.3 This entire standard should be read before ordering an ambulance in order to be knowledgeable of the types of equipment that are available and their performance requirements. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features, some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufacturers' models. Detailed technical information is available from the chassis manufacturers.  
1.4 The sections in this standard appear in the following sequence:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Significance and Use  
4  
Design Requirements  
5  
Performance Requirements  
6  
Installation Requirements  
7  
GOX System Design Requirements  
8  
GOX System Installation Requirements  
9  
GOX System Test Requirements  
10    
LOX System Design Requirements  
11    
LOX System Installation Requirements  
12    
LOX System Test Requirements  
13    
Keywords  
14  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications: (1) the transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided, (2) the delivery of interhospital critical transport care, (3) the delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and (4) the transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient. This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of EMS ground vehicles. The oxygen delivery system may be either a gaseous oxygen (GOX) system, or a liquid oxygen (LOX) system. Design and installation of the oxygen delivery system shall meet the requirements specified for: (1) capacity, (2) components such as oxygen piping system, flow control device, oxygen outlet, shutoff device, and secondary oxygen outlet, and (3) oxygen compartment. The oxygen system shall conform to the specified performance requirements including: (1) delivery flowrate, (2) delivery pressure, (3) delivery temperature, (4) temperature conditions such as storage temperature, cold soak, and heat soak, (5) electromagnetic interference, and (6) structural integrity against vibration, acceleration load, and shock load (basic design and crash worthiness). Installation requirements for oxygen piping routing and mounting, as well as flaring and bending, are specified. Design, installation, and pressure test requirements for GOX and LOX systems are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications:  
1.1.1 The transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided,  
1.1.2 The delivery of interhospital critical transport care,  
1.1.3 The delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and  
1.1.4 The transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient.  
1.2 This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of ground vehicles for EMS use.  
1.3 This entire standard should be read before ordering an ambulance in order to be knowledgeable of the types of equipment that are available and their performance requirements. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features, some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufacturers' models. Detailed technical information is available from the chassis manufacturers.  
1.4 The sections in this standard appear in the following sequence:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Significance and Use  
4  
Design Requirements  
5  
Performance Requirements  
6  
Installation Requirements  
7  
GOX System Design Requirements  
8  
GOX System Installation Requirements  
9  
GOX System Test Requirements  
10    
LOX System Design Requirements  
11    
LOX System Installation Requirements  
12    
LOX System Test Requirements  
13    
Keywords  
14

ABSTRACT
This specification covers rotary wing aircraft involved in patient prehospital emergency medical care and transportation. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel, and patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the aircraft can be classified as a rotary wing air ambulance unit. This specification describes a suitable rotary wing aircraft, which together with the specified personnel, equipment, and supplies, will provide patient care, at least to national standards for basic life support, throughout the medical mission. It applies to all the medical activities that involve rotary wing air ambulance operation at the basic life support level, including on-scene work and interhospital transfer. Application of this specification will ensure that the air ambulance will be able to provide a well-established level of patient care. The rotary wing basic life support air ambulance shall consist of three components: the rotary wing medical transport vehicle, transport personnel, and patient care equipment and supplies in accordance with this specification. The minimum personnel requirement for the rotary wing basic life support air ambulance shall be the FAA flight crew requirement for the aircraft and for each patient, one qualified air-medical crewmember. All pieces of medical equipment and supplies used in rotary wing operations shall be maintained in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers rotary wing aircraft involved in patient prehospital emergency medical care and transportation. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel, and patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the aircraft can be classified as a rotary wing air ambulance unit.
1.2 The first part of this specification (Sections through ) describes the minimum aircraft configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies for rotary wing basic life support air ambulances.
1.3 The provisions of this specification plus the provisions of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Annex comprise the specification for rotary wing advanced life support air ambulances.(See Section 1 and 1.1 of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Annex for the scope for rotary wing advanced life support air ambulances.)
1.4 The provisions of this specification plus the provisions of the Advanced Life Support Annex, plus the provisions in the Specialized Medical Support (SMS) Annex comprise the specification for rotary wing specialized medical support air ambulances. (See Sections 1 through 1.3 of the Specialized Medical Support (SMS) Annex for the scope for rotary wing specialized medical support air ambulances.)
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers rotary wing aircraft involved in patient prehospital emergency medical care and transportation. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel, and patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the aircraft can be classified as a rotary wing air ambulance unit.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this specification was withdrawn in January 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics that an ES should possess.
Varied clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate extremity immobilization, including traction or pneumatic devices, or both.
A device intended for use with adult patients shall accommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.
Devices that are labeled as intended for pediatric use shall not be required to accommodate adult patients.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices, designated here as extremity splint(s) (ES), commonly known as splints. Extremity splints are designed to be used for the immobilization of an extremity by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a extrication device (ED) on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of extremities in the out of hospital environment, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of an ED in the out of hospital setting, have not been established in the medical literature.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics that a SPINED shall possess.
As opposed to a full body spinal immobilization device, the SPINED incorporates additional features that assist in the extrication of a victim from a confined space.
It is not expected that the SPINED will be used alone to provide the entire scope of required immobilization. Clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate total spinal immobilization. A SPINE device may be one of the devices.
A device intended for use with adult patients shall accommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.
Devices that are labeled as intended for pediatric use shall not be required to accommodate adult patients.
The device shall be able to be used by the practitioner in an ergonomically sound manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices, designated here as spinal immobilization and extrication device(s) (SPINED), commonly referred to as short spine board. The SPINED is designed to be used as the platform for immobilization and extrication of a patient with potential spine or spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a SPINED on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a SPINED, have not been established in the medical literature.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications: (1) the transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided, (2) the delivery of interhospital critical transport care, (3) the delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and (4) the transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient. This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of EMS ground vehicles. The oxygen delivery system may be either a gaseous oxygen (GOX) system, or a liquid oxygen (LOX) system. Design and installation of the oxygen delivery system shall meet the requirements specified for: (1) capacity, (2) components such as oxygen piping system, flow control device, oxygen outlet, shutoff device, and secondary oxygen outlet, and (3) oxygen compartment. The oxygen system shall conform to the specified performance requirements including: (1) delivery flowrate, (2) delivery pressure, (3) delivery temperature, (4) temperature conditions such as storage temperature, cold soak, and heat soak, (5) electromagnetic interference, and (6) structural integrity against vibration, acceleration load, and shock load (basic design and crash worthiness). Installation requirements for oxygen piping routing and mounting, as well as flaring and bending, are specified. Design, installation, and pressure test requirements for GOX and LOX systems are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications:
1.1.1 The transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided.
1.1.2 The delivery of interhospital critical transport care.
1.1.3 The delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and
1.1.4 The transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient.
1.2 This standard establishes criteria to be considered in the he performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of ground vehicles for EMS use.
1.3 This entire standard should be read before ordering an ambulance in order to be knowledgeable of the types of equipment that are available and their performance requirements. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features, some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufacturers' models. Detailed technical information is available from the chassis manufacturers.
1.4 The sections in this standard appear in the following sequence: Scope (1); Referenced Documents (2); Terminology (3); Significance and Use (4); Design Requirements (5); Performance Requirements (6); Installation Requirements (7); GOX System Design Requirements (8); GOX System Installation Requirements (9); GOX System Test Requirements (10); LOX System Design Requirements (11); LOX System Installation Requirements (12); LOX System Test Requirements (13); Keywords (14).

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics that an ACSID shall possess.
It is not expected that the ACSID will be used alone to provide the entire scope of required immobilization. Clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate total spinal immobilization. An ACSID may be one of the devices.
An ACSID is intended to provide stabilization and/or support in addition to other immobilization devices in one or more of the planes of motion mentioned in 3.2.1 (see 4.2).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices designated here as adjunct cervical spine immobilization device (ACSID); a lateral stabilizer for the head is an example of this type of device. The ACSID is designed to be used to assist in the immobilization of the cervical spine, by emergency medical services personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of an ACSID on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of an ACSID, have not been established in the medical literature.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics that a CSIC shall possess.
It is not expected that the CSIC will be used alone to provide the entire scope of required immobilization. Clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate total spinal immobilization. A CSIC may be one of the devices.
Various configurations or sizes, or both, may be required to accommodate variation amongst individuals.
The CSIC shall be able to be used by the practitioner in an ergonomically sound manner.
The CSIC is intended to provide stabilization, not traction, and shall not be used to apply traction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices, designated here as cervical spine immobilization collar(s) (CSIC), commonly referred to as cervical collars. The CSIC is used as the initial device for immobilization of the cervical spine, of a patient by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a CSIC on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a CSIC, have not been established in the medical literature.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The intent of this guide is to identify the general performance and good practice standards that a pelvic ring circumferential compression stabilization device (PRCCSD) should possess.  
Currently, a number of base platforms such as full-body spinal immobilization devices (long boards) are used to immobilize patients during transport and before definitive treatment. These platforms limit gross movements of the spine and pelvis but do not specifically reduce and stabilize disruptions of the pelvic ring. The PRCCSD applied circumferentially about the patient exerts a compressive force to reduce and stabilize disruptions of the pelvic ring.  
The PRCCSD may be used alone but, according to clinical situations, will commonly be used in conjunction with different supporting base platforms during transport and before definitive treatment.  
The PRCCSD, when circumferentially applied, should be centered at the level of the greater trochanters and symphsis pubis.3  
A device intended for use with adult patients shall accommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.2  
The device should be able to be applied by a single practitioner.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices designated here as pelvic ring circumferential compression stabilization devices(s) (PRCCSD), commonly known as pelvic slings, belts, or binders. The PRCCSD is used as the initial pelvic ring stabilization device on patients suspected of having sustained traumatic disruptions of the pelvic ring. It is used during patient transport by emergency personnel and before definitive treatment.
1.2 This guide addresses the recognized need to reduce and stabilize pelvic ring disruptions through the use of circumferential compression devices.
1.3 Peer-reviewed medical literature does describe specific testing methods used to determine the range of effective compression force, efficacy in reduction, stability, and safety for a particular (PRCCSD). This guide, however, does not identify specific testing methods as it is recognized such methods could vary according to device configuration and study design.
1.4 This guide does not address individual quantitative performance standards for any particular device, but does address general performance standards and good practice characteristics for all devices using circumferential compression to reduce and stabilize disruptions of the pelvic ring.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein, it also covers the design, construction, and procurement of emergency medical services systems ambulances. Types: type I-conventional truck, cab-chassis with modular ambulance body, type I-AD (additional duty-with increased GVWR, storage, and payload capacity)-A or B or neonatal, critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue and fire suppression package, type II-standard van, integral cab-body ambulance, type III-cutaway van, cab-chassis with integral or containerized modular body ambulance, and type III-AD (additional duty-with increased GVWR, storage, and payload capacity) A or B or neonatal, critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue, or fire suppression package, or both. Performance test, vehicle weight test, road test, water spray test, and oxygen system test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein. The ambulances are front or rear wheel driven (4x2) or four wheel driven (4x4) and warranted as specified in Section 9.
1.1.1 Definition of Ambulance—An ambulance is a vehicle for emergency medical care which provides: a driver's compartment; a patient compartment to accommodate an emergency medical technician (EMT)/paramedic and two litter patients (one patient located on the primary cot and a secondary patient on a folding litter located on the squad bench) so positioned that the primary patient can be given intensive life-support during transit; equipment and supplies for emergency care at the scene as well as during transport; two-way radio communication; and, when necessary, equipment for light rescue/extrication procedures. The ambulance shall be designed and constructed to afford safety, comfort, and avoid aggravation of the patient's injury or illness.
1.1.2 This standard may be used to procure an ambulance and the applicable additional systems and equipment.
1.1.3 Purchasers should follow the ordering data in 9.2 to aid them with the preparation of their procurement specification, requisition, and contract. The purpose of this practice is to describe minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, equipment, testing, and appearance of EMSS ambulances which are authorized to display the "Star of Life" symbol so as to provide a practical degree of standardization. The reasons for such standardization are to provide ambulances that are easily detected, nationally recognizable, properly constructed, easily maintained, and, when appropriately equipped, will enable Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) to safely and reliably perform their functions as basic and advanced pre-hospital life support providers as set forth in national EMSS standard training guidelines. These functions include:
1.1.3.1 Responding to, providing appropriate basic or advanced life support, on-site, to persons reported experiencing acute injury or illness in a pre-hospital setting, and transporting them, while continuing such life support care, to an appropriate medical facility for definitive care.
1.1.3.2 Providing interhospital critical transport care.
1.1.3.3 Transporting essential personnel and equipment to and from the site of a multiple medical emergency or a triage site and transporting appropriately triaged patients to designated medical facilities.
1.1.3.4 Other functions deemed appropriate by EMSS ambulance service managers and approved by designated EMSS medical directors.
1.2 "Star of Life" Certification—Ambulance manufacturer/contractor shall furnish the purchaser(s) citing this standard an authenticated certification and label (see 6.19) that certifies a "Star of Life" ambulance and equipment complying with this standard a...

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein. The ambulances are front or rear wheel driven (4x2) or four wheel driven (4x4) and warranted as specified in Section 9.
1.1.1 Definition of Ambulance—An ambulance is a vehicle for emergency medical care which provides: a driver's compartment; a patient compartment to accommodate an emergency medical technician (EMT)/paramedic and two litter patients (one patient located on the primary cot and a secondary patient on a folding litter located on the squad bench) so positioned that the primary patient can be given intensive life-support during transit; equipment and supplies for emergency care at the scene as well as during transport; two-way radio communication; and, when necessary, equipment for light rescue/extrication procedures. The ambulance shall be designed and constructed to afford safety, comfort, and avoid aggravation of the patient's injury or illness.
1.1.2 This standard may be used to procure an ambulance and the applicable additional systems and equipment.
1.1.3 Purchasers should follow the ordering data in 9.2 to aid them with the preparation of their procurement specification, requisition, and contract. The purpose of this practice is to describe minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, equipment, testing, and appearance of EMSS ambulances which are authorized to display the "Star of Life" symbol so as to provide a practical degree of standardization. The reasons for such standardization are to provide ambulances that are easily detected, nationally recognizable, properly constructed, easily maintained, and, when appropriately equipped, will enable Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) to safely and reliably perform their functions as basic and advanced pre-hospital life support providers as set forth in national EMSS standard training guidelines. These functions include:
1.1.3.1 Responding to, providing appropriate basic or advanced life support, on-site, to persons reported experiencing acute injury or illness in a pre-hospital setting, and transporting them, while continuing such life support care, to an appropriate medical facility for definitive care.
1.1.3.2 Providing interhospital critical transport care.
1.1.3.3 Transporting essential personnel and equipment to and from the site of a multiple medical emergency or a triage site and transporting appropriately triaged patients to designated medical facilities.
1.1.3.4 Other functions deemed appropriate by EMSS ambulance service managers and approved by designated EMSS medical directors.
1.2 "Star of Life" Certification—Ambulance manufacturer/contractor shall furnish the purchaser(s) citing this standard an authenticated certification and label (see 6.19) that certifies a "Star of Life" ambulance and equipment complying with this standard and applicable amendments (if any) in effect on the date of manufacture (see 7.3). Ambulance vehicles so certified may display the registered "Star of Life" symbol, as defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), see Fig 1.
1.3 Classification— "Star of Life" ambulance designs included in this standard may be described in terms of their body type (I, II, or III), class of drive ("1" for two rear wheel drive or "2" for four wheel drive), and floor configuration (A for Advanced Life Support or B for Basic Life Support). Such descriptions may be used to define a variety of ambulance designs which are eligible for certification as "Star of Life" ambulances. (To specify, see 9.2.2 and 9.2.3).
Note 1—For optional advanced life support (ALS) applications, users should consider specifying a modular (Type I or III) ambulance. Modular ambulances provide additional space and compartmentation for cardiac monitors, drug cases, and so forth. The basic ...

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein. The ambulances are front or rear wheel driven (4x2) or four wheel driven (4x4) and warranted as specified in Section 9.
1.1.1 Definition of Ambulance—An ambulance is a vehicle for emergency medical care which provides: a driver's compartment; a patient compartment to accommodate an emergency medical technician (EMT)/paramedic and two litter patients (one patient located on the primary cot and a secondary patient on a folding litter located on the squad bench) so positioned that the primary patient can be given intensive life-support during transit; equipment and supplies for emergency care at the scene as well as during transport; two-way radio communication; and, when necessary, equipment for light rescue/extrication procedures. The ambulance shall be designed and constructed to afford safety, comfort, and avoid aggravation of the patient's injury or illness.
1.1.2 This standard may be used to procure an ambulance and the applicable additional systems and equipment.
1.1.3 Purchasers should follow the ordering data in 9.2 to aid them with the preparation of their procurement specification, requisition, and contract. The purpose of this practice is to describe minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, equipment, testing, and appearance of EMSS ambulances which are authorized to display the "Star of Life" symbol so as to provide a practical degree of standardization. The reasons for such standardization are to provide ambulances that are easily detected, nationally recognizable, properly constructed, easily maintained, and, when appropriately equipped, will enable Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) to safely and reliably perform their functions as basic and advanced pre-hospital life support providers as set forth in national EMSS standard training guidelines. These functions include:
1.1.3.1 Responding to, providing appropriate basic or advanced life support, on-site, to persons reported experiencing acute injury or illness in a pre-hospital setting, and transporting them, while continuing such life support care, to an appropriate medical facility for definitive care.
1.1.3.2 Providing interhospital critical transport care.
1.1.3.3 Transporting essential personnel and equipment to and from the site of a multiple medical emergency or a triage site and transporting appropriately triaged patients to designated medical facilities.
1.1.3.4 Other functions deemed appropriate by EMSS ambulance service managers and approved by designated EMSS medical directors.
1.2 "Star of Life" Certification—Ambulance manufacturer/contractor shall furnish the purchaser(s) citing this standard an authenticated certification and label (see 6.19) that certifies a "Star of Life" ambulance and equipment complying with this standard and applicable amendments (if any) in effect on the date of manufacture (see 7.3). Ambulance vehicles so certified may display the registered "Star of Life" symbol, as defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), see Fig 1.
1.3 Classification— "Star of Life" ambulance designs included in this standard may be described in terms of their body type (I, II, or III), class of drive ("1" for two rear wheel drive or "2" for four wheel drive), and floor configuration (A for Advanced Life Support or B for Basic Life Support). Such descriptions may be used to define a variety of ambulance designs which are eligible for certification as "Star of Life" ambulances. (To specify, see 9.2.2 and 9.2.3).
Note 1—For optional advanced life support (ALS) applications, users should consider specifying a modular (Type I or III) ambulance. Modular ambulances provide additional space and compartmentation for cardiac monitors, drug cases, and so forth. The basic ...

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein. The ambulances are front or rear wheel driven (4x2) or four wheel driven (4x4) and warranted as specified in Section 9.
1.1.1 Definition of Ambulance—An ambulance is a vehicle for emergency medical care which provides: a driver's compartment; a patient compartment to accommodate an emergency medical technician (EMT)/paramedic and two litter patients (one patient located on the primary cot and a secondary patient on a folding litter located on the squad bench) so positioned that the primary patient can be given intensive life-support during transit; equipment and supplies for emergency care at the scene as well as during transport; two-way radio communication; and, when necessary, equipment for light rescue/extrication procedures. The ambulance shall be designed and constructed to afford safety, comfort, and avoid aggravation of the patient's injury or illness.
1.1.2 This standard may be used to procure an ambulance and the applicable additional systems and equipment.
1.1.3 Purchasers should follow the ordering data in 9.2 to aid them with the preparation of their procurement specification, requisition, and contract. The purpose of this practice is to describe minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, equipment, testing, and appearance of EMSS ambulances which are authorized to display the "Star of Life" symbol so as to provide a practical degree of standardization. The reasons for such standardization are to provide ambulances that are easily detected, nationally recognizable, properly constructed, easily maintained, and, when appropriately equipped, will enable Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) to safely and reliably perform their functions as basic and advanced pre-hospital life support providers as set forth in national EMSS standard training guidelines. These functions include:
1.1.3.1 Responding to, providing appropriate basic or advanced life support, on-site, to persons reported experiencing acute injury or illness in a pre-hospital setting, and transporting them, while continuing such life support care, to an appropriate medical facility for definitive care.
1.1.3.2 Providing interhospital critical transport care.
1.1.3.3 Transporting essential personnel and equipment to and from the site of a multiple medical emergency or a triage site and transporting appropriately triaged patients to designated medical facilities.
1.1.3.4 Other functions deemed appropriate by EMSS ambulance service managers and approved by designated EMSS medical directors.
1.2 "Star of Life" Certification—Ambulance manufacturer/contractor shall furnish the purchaser(s) citing this standard an authenticated certification and label (see 6.19) that certifies a "Star of Life" ambulance and equipment complying with this standard and applicable amendments (if any) in effect on the date of manufacture (see 7.3). Ambulance vehicles so certified may display the registered "Star of Life" symbol, as defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), see Fig 1.
1.3 Classification— "Star of Life" ambulance designs included in this standard may be described in terms of their body type (I, II, or III), class of drive ("1" for two rear wheel drive or "2" for four wheel drive), and floor configuration (A for Advanced Life Support or B for Basic Life Support). Such descriptions may be used to define a variety of ambulance designs which are eligible for certification as "Star of Life" ambulances. (To specify, see 9.2.2 and 9.2.3).
Note 1—For optional advanced life support (ALS) applications, users should consider specifying a modular (Type I or III) ambulance. Modular ambulances provide additional space and compartmentation for cardiac monitors, drug cases, and so forth. The basic ...

SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers minimum requirements for primary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS ground vehicles used in the following applications:
1.1.1 The transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic, advanced, or specialized life support services are being provided.
1.1.2 The delivery of interhospital critical transport care.
1.1.3 The delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and
1.1.4 The transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient.
1.2 This standard establishes criteria to be considered int he performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of ground vehicles for EMS use.
1.3 This entire standard should be read before ordering an ambulance in order to be knowledgeable of the types of equipment that are available and their performance requirements. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features, some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufacturers' models. Detailed technical information is avalilable from the chassis manufacturers.
1.4 The sections in this standard appear in the following sequence: Scope (1); Referenced Documents (2); Terminology (3); Significance and Use (4); Design Requirements (5); Performance Requirements (6); Installation Requirements (7); GOX System Design Requirements (8); GOX System Installation Requirements (9); GOX System Test Requirements (10); LOX System Design Requirements (11); LOX System Installation Requirements (12); LOX System Test Requirements (13); Keywords (14).

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices designated here as adjunct cervical spine immobilization device (ACSID); a lateral stabilizer for the head is an example of this type of device. The ACSID is designed to be used to assist in the immobilization of the cervical spine, by emergency medical services personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of an ACSID on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of an ACSID, have not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices designated here as adjunct cervical spine immobilization device (ACSID); a lateral stabilizer for the head is an example of this type of device. The ACSID is designed to be used to assist in the immobilization of the cervical spine, by emergency medical services personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of an ACSID on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of an ACSID, have not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices, designated here as cervical spine immobilization collar(s) (CSIC), commonly referred to as cervical collars. The CSIC is used as the initial device for immobilization of the cervical spine, of a patient by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a CSIC on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a CSIC, have not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices, designated here as cervical spine immobilization collar(s) (CSIC), commonly referred to as cervical collars. The CSIC is used as the initial device for immobilization of the cervical spine, of a patient by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a CSIC on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a CSIC, have not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices, designated here as full body spinal immobilization device(s) (FBSID), commonly known as long boards. The FBSID is designed to be used as the base structure for immobilization and transport of a patient with potential spine or spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a FBSID on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a FBSID, have not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices, designated here as full body spinal immobilization device(s) (FBSID), commonly known as long boards. The FBSID is designed to be used as the base structure for immobilization and transport of a patient with potential spine or spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a FBSID on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a FBSID, have not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices, designated here as spinal immobilization and extrication device(s) (SPINED), commonly referred to as short spine board. The SPINED is designed to be used as the platform for immobilization and extrication of a patient with potential spine or spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.  
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a SPINED on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a SPINED, has not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices, designated here as extremity splint(s) (ES), commonly known as splints. Extremity splints are designed to be used for the immobilization of an extremity by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a extrication device (ED) on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of extremities in the out of hospital environment, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of an ED in the out of hospital setting, has not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices, designated here as spinal immobilization and extrication device(s) (SPINED), commonly referred to as short spine board. The SPINED is designed to be used as the platform for immobilization and extrication of a patient with potential spine or spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.  
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a SPINED on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a SPINED, has not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices, designated here as extremity splint(s) (ES), commonly known as splints. Extremity splints are designed to be used for the immobilization of an extremity by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a extrication device (ED) on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of extremities in the out of hospital environment, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of an ED in the out of hospital setting, has not been established in the medical literature.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the format and guidelines for producing a catalog of current resources of air medical transport units, showing the patient care capability of each, in standard form.
1.2 This specification applies to all the air transports involved in patient care that meet one or more applicable ASTM medical transport unit specifications.
1.3 This specification incorporates only the information that is considered essential for use by the planners during an emergency. The intent is to provide information on what is available, what level of care it can provide, where it is, and the earliest it can respond, so that the most efficient use can be made of each unit, in accordance with the emergency plans.
1.4 Information contained in the unit's operations manual,  such as the weight and balance calculations for the "Specialized Medical Resources" listed in Appendix X1, is not included in the catalog but it will be available to the planners, on request.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers rotary wing aircraft involved in patient prehospital emergency medical care and transportation. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel, and patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the aircraft can be classified as a rotary wing air ambulance unit. This specification describes a suitable rotary wing aircraft, which together with the specified personnel, equipment, and supplies, will provide patient care, at least to national standards for basic life support, throughout the medical mission. It applies to all the medical activities that involve rotary wing air ambulance operation at the basic life support level, including on-scene work and interhospital transfer. Application of this specification will ensure that the air ambulance will be able to provide a well-established level of patient care. The rotary wing basic life support air ambulance shall consist of three components: the rotary wing medical transport vehicle, transport personnel, and patient care equipment and supplies in accordance with this specification. The minimum personnel requirement for the rotary wing basic life support air ambulance shall be the FAA flight crew requirement for the aircraft and for each patient, one qualified air-medical crewmember. All pieces of medical equipment and supplies used in rotary wing operations shall be maintained in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to fixed (airplanes) and rotary-wing (helicopters) aircraft used for prehospital emergency medical care and transportation of patients by air, collectively air ambulances. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel, patient care equipment, and supplies that shall be met before the aircraft can be classified as an air ambulance.  
1.2 Recommendations for basic life support (BLS) air ambulances are contained in the first part of this specification that defines the minimum requirements for aircraft configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the minimum medical equipment and supplies.  
1.3 Recommendations for advanced life support (ALS) air ambulances include the first part of this specification that defines the minimum requirements for aircraft configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the minimum medical equipment and supplies. Additional requirements for ALS are found in Annex A1.  
1.4 Recommendations for specialized medical support (SMS) air ambulances include those for BLS and may include some or all of the ALS requirements that define the minimum requirements for aircraft configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the minimum medical equipment and supplies. Additional requirements for SMS air ambulances are found in Annex A2.  
1.5 In this specification, minimum requirements for air ambulances providers are identified, however, ambulance services, under the direction of their medical director, are encouraged to use them as a core list and adjust their configuration or manifest or both according to their mission profile and patient population.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification pertained to fixed (airplanes) and rotary-wing (helicopters) aircraft used for prehospital emergency medical care and transportation of patients by air, collectively air ambulances.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 o...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics that a CSIC shall possess.  
4.2 It is not expected that the CSIC will be used alone to provide the entire scope of required immobilization. Clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate total spinal immobilization. A CSIC may be one of the devices.  
4.3 Various configurations or sizes, or both, may be required to accommodate variation amongst individuals.  
4.4 The CSIC shall be able to be used by the practitioner in an ergonomically sound manner.  
4.5 The CSIC is intended to provide stabilization, not traction, and shall not be used to apply traction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices, designated here as cervical spine immobilization collar(s) (CSIC), commonly referred to as cervical collars. The CSIC is used as the initial device for immobilization of the cervical spine, of a patient by emergency medical service personnel.  
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a CSIC on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a CSIC, have not been established in the medical literature.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide established minimum standards for devices, designated here as cervical spine immobilization collar(s) (CSIC), commonly referred to as cervical collars.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this guide was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics that a SPINED shall possess.  
4.2 As opposed to a full body spinal immobilization device, the SPINED incorporates additional features that assist in the extrication of a victim from a confined space.  
4.3 It is not expected that the SPINED will be used alone to provide the entire scope of required immobilization. Clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate total spinal immobilization. A SPINE device may be one of the devices.  
4.4 A device intended for use with adult patients shall accommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.  
4.5 Devices that are labeled as intended for pediatric use shall not be required to accommodate adult patients.  
4.6 The device shall be able to be used by the practitioner in an ergonomically sound manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices, designated here as spinal immobilization and extrication device(s) (SPINED), commonly referred to as short spine board. The SPINED is designed to be used as the platform for immobilization and extrication of a patient with potential spine or spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.  
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a SPINED on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a SPINED, have not been established in the medical literature.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covered minimum standards for devices, designated here as spinal immobilization and extrication device(s) (SPINED), commonly referred to as short spine board.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this guide was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics that an ES should possess.  
4.2 Varied clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate extremity immobilization, including traction or pneumatic devices, or both.  
4.3 A device intended for use with adult patients shall accommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.  
4.4 Devices that are labeled as intended for pediatric use shall not be required to accommodate adult patients.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices, designated here as extremity splint(s) (ES), commonly known as splints. Extremity splints are designed to be used for the immobilization of an extremity by emergency medical service personnel.  
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a extrication device (ED) on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of extremities in the out of hospital environment, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of an ED in the out of hospital setting, have not been established in the medical literature.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covered minimum standards for devices, designated here as extremity splint(s) (ES), commonly known as splints.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this guide was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics that an ACSID shall possess.  
4.2 It is not expected that the ACSID will be used alone to provide the entire scope of required immobilization. Clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate total spinal immobilization. An ACSID may be one of the devices.  
4.3 An ACSID is intended to provide stabilization and/or support in addition to other immobilization devices in one or more of the planes of motion mentioned in 3.2.1 (see 4.2).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices designated here as adjunct cervical spine immobilization device (ACSID); a lateral stabilizer for the head is an example of this type of device. The ACSID is designed to be used to assist in the immobilization of the cervical spine, by emergency medical services personnel.  
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of an ACSID on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of an ACSID, have not been established in the medical literature.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide established minimum standards for devices designated here as adjunct cervical spine immobilization device (ACSID).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this guide was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The intent of this guide is to identify the general performance and good practice standards that a pelvic ring circumferential compression stabilization device (PRCCSD) should possess.  
Currently, a number of base platforms such as full-body spinal immobilization devices (long boards) are used to immobilize patients during transport and before definitive treatment. These platforms limit gross movements of the spine and pelvis but do not specifically reduce and stabilize disruptions of the pelvic ring. The PRCCSD applied circumferentially about the patient exerts a compressive force to reduce and stabilize disruptions of the pelvic ring.  
The PRCCSD may be used alone but, according to clinical situations, will commonly be used in conjunction with different supporting base platforms during transport and before definitive treatment.  
The PRCCSD, when circumferentially applied, should be centered at the level of the greater trochanters and symphsis pubis.  
A device intended for use with adult patients shall accommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.  
The device should be able to be applied by a single practitioner.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices designated here as pelvic ring circumferential compression stabilization devices(s) (PRCCSD), commonly known as pelvic slings, belts, or binders. The PRCCSD is used as the initial pelvic ring stabilization device on patients suspected of having sustained traumatic disruptions of the pelvic ring. It is used during patient transport by emergency personnel and before definitive treatment.
1.2 This guide addresses the recognized need to reduce and stabilize pelvic ring disruptions through the use of circumferential compression devices.
1.3 Peer-reviewed medical literature does describe specific testing methods used to determine the range of effective compression force, efficacy in reduction, stability, and safety for a particular (PRCCSD). This guide, however, does not identify specific testing methods as it is recognized such methods could vary according to device configuration and study design.
1.4 This guide does not address individual quantitative performance standards for any particular device, but does address general performance standards and good practice characteristics for all devices using circumferential compression to reduce and stabilize disruptions of the pelvic ring.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide established minimum standards for devices designated as pelvic ring circumferential compression stabilization devices(s) (PRCCSD), commonly known as pelvic slings, belts, or binders.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this guide was withdrawn in January 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein, it also covers the design, construction, and procurement of emergency medical services systems ambulances. Types: type I-conventional truck, cab-chassis with modular ambulance body, type I-AD (additional duty-with increased GVWR, storage, and payload capacity)-A or B or neonatal, critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue and fire suppression package, type II-standard van, integral cab-body ambulance, type III-cutaway van, cab-chassis with integral or containerized modular body ambulance, and type III-AD (additional duty-with increased GVWR, storage, and payload capacity) A or B or neonatal, critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue, or fire suppression package, or both. Performance test, vehicle weight test, road test, water spray test, and oxygen system test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein. The ambulances are front or rear wheel driven (4x2) or four wheel driven (4x4) and warranted as specified in Section 9.
1.1.1 Definition of Ambulance—An ambulance is a vehicle for emergency medical care which provides: a driver's compartment; a patient compartment to accommodate an emergency medical technician (EMT)/paramedic and two litter patients (one patient located on the primary cot and a secondary patient on a folding litter located on the squad bench) so positioned that the primary patient can be given intensive life-support during transit; equipment and supplies for emergency care at the scene as well as during transport; two-way radio communication; and, when necessary, equipment for light rescue/extrication procedures. The ambulance shall be designed and constructed to afford safety, comfort, and avoid aggravation of the patient's injury or illness.
1.1.2 This practice may be used to procure an ambulance and the applicable additional systems and equipment.
1.1.3 Purchasers should follow the ordering data in 9.2 to aid them with the preparation of their procurement specification, requisition, and contract. The purpose of this practice is to describe minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, equipment, testing, and appearance of EMSS ambulances that are authorized to display the “Star of Life” symbol so as to provide a practical degree of standardization. The reasons for such standardization are to provide ambulances that are easily detected, nationally recognizable, properly constructed, easily maintained, and, when appropriately equipped, will enable Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) to safely and reliably perform their functions as basic and advanced prehospital life support providers as set forth in national EMSS standard training guidelines. These functions include:
1.1.3.1 Responding to, providing appropriate basic or advanced life support, on-site, to persons reported experiencing acute injury or illness in a pre-hospital setting, and transporting them, while continuing such life support care, to an appropriate medical facility for definitive care.
1.1.3.2 Providing interhospital critical transport care.
1.1.3.3 Transporting essential personnel and equipment to and from the site of a multiple medical emergency or a triage site and transporting appropriately triaged patients to designated medical facilities.  
1.1.3.4 Other functions deemed appropriate by EMSS ambulance service managers and approved by designated EMSS medical directors.
1.2 “Star of Life” Certification—Ambulance manufacturer/contractor shall furnish the purchaser(s) citing this practice an authenticated certification and label (see 6.19) that certifies a “Star of Life” ambulance and equipment complying with this pra...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics which a FBSID shall possess.
It is not expected that the FBSID will be used alone to provide the entire scope of required immobilization. Clinical situations may require differing combinations of devices for adequate total spinal immobilization. A FBSID may be one of the devices.
A device intended for use with adult patients shall accommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.
Devices that are labeled as intended for pediatric use shall not be required to accommodate an adult.
The device shall be able to be used by the practitioner in an ergonomically sound manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices, designated here as full body spinal immobilization device(s) (FBSID), commonly known as long boards. The FBSID is designed to be used as the base structure for immobilization and transport of a patient with potential spine or spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.
1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limitation of motion achieved by placement of a FBSID on a patient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine, and, in particular, the degree of limitation associated with the use of a FBSID, have not been established in the medical literature.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide establishes minimum standards for devices, designated here as full body spinal immobilization device(s) (FBSID), commonly known as long boards. The FBSID is designed to be used as the base structure for immobilization and transport of a patient with potential spine or spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this guide was withdrawn in July 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to fixed wing aircraft (airplanes) used for patient prehospital emergency medical care and transportation. It describes the minimum aircraft configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies for fixed wing basic life support air ambulances. This will also assist in the definition of appropriate care, increase public awareness of the high standard available, and provide a nationally accepted guideline. The fixed wing basic life support air ambulance shall consist of three components: the fixed wing medical transport vehicle (airplane), transport personnel, and patient care equipment and supplies The three components must be licensed/certified by the appropriate governmental authority.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to fixed wing aircraft (airplanes) used for patient prehospital emergency medical care and transportation. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel, and patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the aircraft can be classified as a fixed wing air ambulance unit.
1.2 The first part of this specification (Sections through ) describes the minimum aircraft configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies for fixed wing basic life support air ambulances.
1.3 The provisions of this specification plus the provisions of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Annex comprise the specification for fixed wing advanced life support air ambulances. See Sections 1 and 1.1 of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Annex for the scope for fixed wing advanced life support air ambulances.
1.4 The provisions of this Sspecification plus the provisions of the Advanced Life Support Annex, plus the provisions in this Specialized Medical Support (SMS) Annex comprise the specification for fixed wing specialized medical support air ambulances. See Sections 1 through 1.3 of the Specialized Medical Support (SMS) Annex for the scope for fixed wing specialized medical support air ambulances.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this practice was withdrawn in July 2013 in accordance with section 10.6.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the format and guidelines for producing a catalog of current resources of air medical transport units, showing the patient care capability of each, in standard form.
1.2 This specification applies to all the air transports involved in patient care that meet one or more applicable ASTM medical transport unit specifications.
1.3 This specification incorporates only the information that is considered essential for use by the planners during an emergency. The intent is to provide information on what is available, what level of care it can provide, where it is, and the earliest it can respond, so that the most efficient use can be made of each unit, in accordance with the emergency plans.
1.4 Information contained in the unit's operations manual,  such as the weight and balance calculations for the "Specialized Medical Resources" listed in Appendix X1, is not included in the catalog but it will be available to the planners, on request.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification provides the format and guidelines for producing a catalog of current resources of air medical transport units, showing the patient care capability of each, in standard form.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F30 on Emergency Medical Services, this specification was withdrawn in 2007 with no replacement because this document was developed to provide status with a format to input to a national database of air medical assets. No federal agency stepped forward to facilitate that activity. Therefore, the committee believes that this document is no longer necessary.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to fixed wing transport units involved in patient transportation and care, at the basic life support level. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel, and the patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the unit can be classified as a basic life support transport unit.
1.2 The specification describes: the minimum vehicle configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies.
1.3 Other specifications of Committee F-30 will apply.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to rotary wing transport units involved in patient transportation and care at the advanced life support level. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel and the patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the unit can be classified as an advanced life support transport unit.  
1.2 This specification describes; the minimum vehicle configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies.  
1.3 Other specifications of Committee F-30 will apply.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to rotary wing transport units involved in patient transportation and care at the basic life support level. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel, and the patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the unit can be classified as an basic life support transport unit.  
1.2 This specification describes; the minimum vehicle configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies.  
1.3 Other specifications of Committee F-30 will apply.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to fixed wing transport units involved in patient transportation and care at the specialized medical transport level. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel and the patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the unit can be classified as a specialized medical transport unit.
1.2 This specification describes the minimum vehicle configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies.
1.3 Other specifications of Committee F-30 will apply.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to fixed wing transport units involved in patient transportation and care, at the advanced life support level. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel and the patient care equipment, that must be met before the unit can be classified as an advanced life support transport unit.
1.2 This specification describes the minimum configuration and capability required for the vehicle, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies.
1.3 Other specifications of Committee F-30 will apply.

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1.1 This specification pertains to rotary wing transport units involved in patient transportation and care at the specialized medical transport level. It outlines the minimum requirements, including personnel and the patient care equipment and supplies, that must be met before the unit can be classified as a specialized medical transport unit.
1.2 This specification describes the minimum vehicle configuration and capability, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and the provisions for the minimum medical equipment and supplies.
1.3 Other specifications of Committee F-30 will apply.

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1.1 This specification covers minimum performance and safety requirements for EMS ground vehicles used:
1.1.1 In the transportation of the sick and injured to or from an appropriate medical facility while basic or advanced, or both, life support services are being provided,
1.1.2 In the delivery of interhospital critical transport care,
1.1.3 In the delivery of nonemergency, medically required, transport services, and
1.1.4 In the transportation and delivery of personnel and supplies essential for proper care of an emergent patient.
1.2 It includes the performance standards for necessary materials, equipment, and systems to the levels outlined in recognized standards, whether clinical or vehicular.
1.3 The document is divided into two sections. Section A describes those vehicles used primarily for responding to and for transporting and treating the patient while en route to an appropriate medical facility. Section B will be developed at a later date and will describe those vehicles primarily used for transporting the nonemergency patient, for transporting essential personnel or equipment, or both, to and from a location where emergency medical care is required, or for transporting patients in areas not accessible by ambulances described in Section A.
1.4 This document establishes criteria that shall be considered in the performance, specification, purchase and acceptance testing of ground vehicles for EMS use.
1.5 This document does not define the staffing of ground vehicles or the clinical practice of emergency medicine.
1.6 The entire document should be read before ordering an ambulance, in order to be knowledgeable of which equipment is standard, and which options are desired. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features, some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufacturers' models. Detailed technical information is available from the chassis manufacturers.
1.7 The sections in this specification appear in the following sequence:  Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Materials 4 Requirements 5 General Vehicle Types and Floor Plan 5.1 Vehicle, Components, Equipment, and Accessories 5.2 Vehicle Operation, Performance, and Physical Charac- teristics 5.3 Vehicle Weight Ratings and Payload 5.4 Chassis, Engine, and Components 5.5 Electrical System and Components 5.6 Lighting, Ambulance Exterior and Interior 5.7 Cab-body Driver Compartment and Equipment 5.8 Vehicle Body and Patient Area 5.9 Storage 5.10 Oxygen and Suction Systems and Equipment 5.11 Environmental: Climatic and Noise Parameters 5.12 Communications 5.13 Preparation for Painting, Color, and Markings 5.14 Undercoating 5.15 Corrosionproofing 5.16 Markings, Data Plates, Warranty Notice, etc. 5.17 Documentation 5.18 Predelivery Inspection and Servicing 5.19 Additional Systems, Medical Equipment, Accessories, and Supplies 5.20 Quality Assurance Provisions, Inspection, and Testing 6 Responsibility for Inspection and Tests 6.1 Inspection and Testing 6.2 Certifications 6.3 "Star of Life" Certification Requirements 6.4 Tests 6.5 Appendixes Partial Listing Specialty-Type Ground Vehicles X1 Typical Storage Volumes for Interior Compartments X1.2.1 Typical Extrication Equipment Might Include X1.2.2 Prepurchase Checklist X2 Rationale X3

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1.1 This test method is designed to characterize the failure distribution of interconnect metallizations such as are used in microelectronic circuits and devices that fail due to electromigration under specified d-c current-density and temperature stress. This test method is intended to be used only when the failure distribution can be described by a log-Normal distribution.
1.2 This test method is intended for use as a referee method between laboratories and for comparing metallization alloys and metallizations prepared in different ways. It is not intended for qualifying vendors or for determining the use-life of a metallization.
1.3 The test method is an accelerated stress test of four-terminal structures (see Guide F1259) where the failure criterion is either an open circuit in the test line or a prescribed percent increase in the resistance of the test structure.
1.4 This test method allows the test structures of a test chip to be stressed while still part of the wafer (or a portion thereof) or while bonded to a package and electrically accessible via package terminals.
1.5 This test method is not designed to characterize the metallization for failure modes involving short circuits between adjacent metallization lines or between two levels of metallization.
1.6 This test method is not intended for the case where the stress test is terminated before all parts have failed.
1.7 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This guide covers recommended design features for test structures used in accelerated stress tests, as described in Test Method F1260, to characterize the failure distribution of interconnect metallizations that fail due to electromigration.
1.2 The guide is restricted to structures with a straight test line on a flat surface that are used to detect failures due to an open-circuit or a percent-increase in resistance of the test line.
1.3 This guide is not intended for test structures used to detect random defects in a metallization line.
1.4 Metallizations tested and characterized are those that are used in microelectronic circuits and devices.